美国情报产品标准与质量控制机制研究

doi:10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2019.18.011

图书情报工作 ›› 2019, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (18): 87-98.DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2019.18.011

美国情报产品标准与质量控制机制研究

谢晓专^1,2

1. 中国人民公安大学国家安全与反恐怖学院北京 100038;
2. 清华大学新闻与传播学院北京 100084

收稿日期:2018-10-19 修回日期:2019-01-25 出版日期:2019-09-20 发布日期:2019-09-20
作者简介:谢晓专(ORCID:0000-0003-3309-0092),副教授,博士研究生,E-mail:xinxizhanlue@163.com。
基金资助:
本文系中央基本科研业务经费项目"美国执法与国土安全情报融合策略及其经验借鉴"（项目编号：2016JKF01205）研究成果之一。

Research on the Standards and Quality Control Mechanism of Intelligence Products in the U.S

Xie Xiaozhuan^1,2

1. School of National Security and Counter-terrorism, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038;
2. School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084

Received:2018-10-19 Revised:2019-01-25 Online:2019-09-20 Published:2019-09-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的/意义]建立健全情报产品标准及其质量控制机制是确保情报分析产品与服务质量的重要举措。研究美国情报产品标准及其质量控制机制，为我国制定情报产品标准提供参考。[方法/过程]通过考察美国情报界和执法界情报产品规范相关法律政策与标准文件，总结归纳美国情报产品类型、规范与质量控制机制，分析美国情报产品标准设计的基本逻辑与思想。[结果/结论]美国按照项目流程和要素规范管理逻辑，秉持"合法性""实用性""实证性""用户需求导向"的基本理念，遵循"源数据控制、认知缺陷控制、分析过程控制和陈述规范控制"的基本思想，按照"假设-证据（信息）-结论（判断与建议）"的分析框架，从"一般质量要求、内容规范、形式规范、信源属性、用户反馈/质量监管、法庭证词与法律考量"出发规定情报产品标准，通过"情报分析人员自我把关、用户反馈、同行评议、主管机构监管"等四类控制机制，确保情报产品符合"准确、客观、及时、独立"的质量标准，形成相对成熟的情报产品标准与质量控制机制。建议我国借鉴美国经验，立足《国家情报法》，明确情报产品的基本要求，制定统一的情报产品标准，提供情报产品范本，建立有效的质量控制机制，以提高我国情报产品的质量。

关键词: 美国, 情报产品, 情报产品标准, 质量控制机制, 质量控制思想

Abstract: [Purpose/significance] Establishing and perfecting the intelligence product standards and quality control mechanism is an important measure to ensure the quality of intelligence products and services. This paper aims to study American intelligence product standards and its quality control mechanism, and provide reference for our country.[Method/process] By reviewing the relevant legal policies and documents about intelligence products in the field of intelligence and law enforcement in U.S, this paper summarized the types, standards and quality control mechanisms of intelligence products, and then analyzed the basic ideals and logics of the design of American intelligence products standards.[Result/conclusion] According to the logic of process management and factors management, and the basic concepts of legitimacy, practicability, positivism and user demand orientation, the United States law enforcement and intelligence community has set standards for intelligence products about the quality requirements, content standards, form standards, source attributes, user feedback, testimony and legal consideration,which follows the basic ideas of "source data control, cognitive defect control, analysis process control and statement normative control", and the analytical framework of "hypothesis-evidence (information)-conclusion (judgement and suggestion)". In order to ensures intelligence products meet the quality standards of "accuracy, objectivity, timeliness and independence", it sets four kinds of control mechanisms that including intelligence analysts self-checking, user feedback, peer review and supervision by competent authorities. And then it has formed relatively mature standards and quality control of intelligence products. It is suggested that China should learn from the experience of the United States based on the National Intelligence Law, to improve the quality of intelligence products by clarifying the basic requirements, developing unified standards and models, and establishing effective quality control mechanism for intelligence products.

Key words: USA, intelligence product, intelligence product standard, quality control mechanism, quality control idea

中图分类号:

D631
G353

谢晓专. 美国情报产品标准与质量控制机制研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2019, 63(18): 87-98.

Xie Xiaozhuan. Research on the Standards and Quality Control Mechanism of Intelligence Products in the U.S[J]. LIS, 2019, 63(18): 87-98.

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美国情报产品标准与质量控制机制研究

Research on the Standards and Quality Control Mechanism of Intelligence Products in the U.S

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