收稿日期: 2012-12-28
修回日期: 2013-03-01
网络出版日期: 2013-03-20
基金资助
本文系国家社会科学基金项目"知识创新的理论、机制和实践"(项目编号:04BTQ014)研究成果之一。
Study on the Concept of "Knowledge" and Its Conceptual Meanings
Received date: 2012-12-28
Revised date: 2013-03-01
Online published: 2013-03-20
首先,从知识的特质与其涵义的核心内容入手,指出"知识的哲学属性"与"知识的实践特质"的两分研究视野决定了其概念涵义的离散性和定义的多面性。以此为逻辑前提,讨论对知识概念及其涵义进行研究的方法论,继而应用"诠释佐证法"鉴别知识概念涵义的三个主要研究视角和展开范畴:①从知识的来源和知识创造角度看,"知识"是智能过程、心智状态和"传统";②从知识的语义环境和与相关概念的逻辑关系看,"知识"是"数据、信息和知识连续统一体"的一个环节和部件;③从管理角度看,"知识"是具有双重特性的有形资产和具有潜在价值的无形物。最后,分别以"人本主义语义-逻辑坐标"和"外在主义语义-逻辑坐标"对文献中既有的大量知识定义进行归聚,区别出两个互补的定义集合——"人本主义主观知识定义集合"与"外在主义客观知识定义集合",并以知识的本质属性为依据分析两个集合平行互补的哲学原理。
张新华 , 张飞 . “知识”概念及其涵义研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2013 , 57(06) : 49 -58 . DOI: 10.7536/j.issn.0252-3116.2013.06.009
Starting from a brief investigation of the features and conceptual meanings of knowledge, this paper concludes that the bifurcate orientation of knowledge study, which differentiates"philosophical properties of knowledge" from "practical features of knowledge", determines that its conceptual meanings are widely different and its definitions are multitude. Based on the above logic, it puts forward a methodology of knowledge concept research,whereby a "Concept-Interpretation and Meaning-Verification Approach" is used to delineate the conceptual meanings of knowledge into the following three perspectives. Firstly, from the view of its origin and creation, knowledge is an intellectual process, a state of the mind and "the tradition". Secondly, from the perspective of the semantic ecology of knowledge and its logical hierarchy, knowledge is a key link and constituent in the continuum of data-information-knowledge judging from. Thirdly, from an administrative point of view, knowledge is a substance with dual characteristics of tangible property and intangible potential value viewing. Finally, this paper applies the "Semantic-Logical Coordinates" to clustering a large amount of existing definitions from knowledge literature, respectively classifies two groups of knowledge definitions under two mutually supplementary categories of "Human-centered Subjective Knowledge Definition" and "External-oriented Objective Knowledge Definition", and analyzes the theoretical interpretation of the bifurcate phenomena according to the essential properties of knowledge.
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