收稿日期: 2015-04-17
修回日期: 2015-06-05
网络出版日期: 2015-07-05
Research Review of "Science-technology Relationship" Research Methods: Highlights on Bibliometrics Method
Received date: 2015-04-17
Revised date: 2015-06-05
Online published: 2015-07-05
[目的/意义] 鉴于"科学-技术关系"是情报学领域的热点研究问题,文献计量方法是研究该问题的常用方法,对国内外研究该问题的主要文献计量方法进行述评,就如何更好地运用这些方法进行"科学-技术关系"研究提出建议。[方法/过程] 在回顾"科学-技术关系"的含义和相关研究方法的基础上,梳理和总结专利的论文引文分析法、论文的专利引文分析法、"专利发明人-论文作者关联关系"分析法3种主要文献计量方法在"科学-技术关系"研究方面的应用和国内外进展,比较3种方法的理论基础、应用范围和存在的问题。[结果/结论] 3种方法基于不同的理论基础,分别被应用于:①识别与科学领域关系较强的技术领域;②识别被科学领域引用较多的技术领域、国家和机构;③测度专利发明人的科学研究活动、大学和企业的合作情况。这些方法分别存在专利的施引动机不明确、专利的论文引文字段不规范、数据较少、主题分析和技术对科学的作用机理研究较少、专利发明人和论文作者名称难以识别和匹配等问题。研究"科学-技术关系"时需根据研究问题和数据特征等选择合适的文献计量方法,并注意解决这些方法存在的问题。
刘小玲 , 谭宗颖 , 张超星 . 国内外“科学-技术关系”研究方法述评——聚焦文献计量方法[J]. 图书情报工作, 2015 , 59(13) : 142 -148 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2015.13.020
[Purpose/significance] "Science-technology relationship" is a hot research topic in information science recently, and bibliometrics method is common used in this area. This paper aims to review some main bibliometrics methods used in "science-technology relationship" research and give some suggestions to apply these methods better.[Method/process] Based on the review on definition of "science-technology relationship" and related research methods, this paper draws a systematic summary of application and research progress of three bibliometrics methods both at home and abroad, which include analysis of papers cited by patents, analysis of patents cited by papers and correlation analysis of the author and inventor. The theoretical basis, applied range and shortages of the three methods are compared comprehensively.[Result/conclusion] The three methods have different theoretical basis. They are applied in identifying technology fields which have strong relationship with scientific fields, identifying technology fields, countries and organizations that are cited most by scientific fields, and measuring scientific research activities of inventors and the partnership between universities and businesses. These methods also have some drawbacks respectively, for example, patents' citing motivations air not clear and patents' paper references are not standard; the amount of data is small, the analysis of subject and the research of influence mechanism of technology to science is not enough; the identification and match of inventors' names and authors' ones are difficult. Appropriate bibliometrics methods should be chose based on research questions and data features when doing "science-technology relationship" research and the problems of these methods should be solved.
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