[目的/意义] 现有研究主要围绕技术竞争情报服务内容展开,为使研究更好地契合技术竞争情报服务实践,深入剖析技术竞争情报服务过程,揭示技术竞争情报服务过程存在的主要障碍,为提升技术竞争情报服务效率、最终实现服务目标寻找理论依据。[方法/过程] 运用界面管理的基本思想,将技术竞争情报服务界面定义为服务主体与服务对象之间存在的资源配置冲突以及为了消除冲突所可能采取的对各种资源所做的时间安排、数量匹配或结构布置等资源配置方案,从双方的合作目标、主要方法、文化差异、能力水平等角度分析技术竞争情报服务界面的成因,在此基础上从资源投入、组织结构和管理过程3个维度对合作界面进行识别。[结果/结论] 从合作规则、工具平台、合作角色、例行程序和邻近性5个方面提出了界面协调策略,并对不同策略及其在技术竞争服务界面协调中的作用进行分析,通过协调策略的提出指明提升技术竞争情报服务质量的可行方向,从而探索构建技术竞争情报服务的界面分析视角,有助于技术竞争情报服务活动的有效开展。
[Purpose/significance] Existing studies on competitive technical intelligence focus more on the content of such services. This study therefore decides to look at the process of providing competitive technical intelligence services, reveal main obstacles in such processes, and provide theoretical basis for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of such services.[Method/process] Based on core theories of interface management, competitive technical intelligence service interface is defined as conflict in resource allocation between the service provider and the service object, and solutions to such conflicts in terms of resource reallocation such as time arrangement, quantity matching and structural arrangement. The paper looks at the root causes of competitive technical intelligence service interface from the angles of cooperation objectives, main strategy, cultural difference, capacity difference, and others. Based on that, cooperation interfaces are identified from three dimensions:resource input, organizational structure and management process.[Result/conclusion] Five strategies are proposed to coordinate interfaces ranging from cooperation rules, tool platform, cooperation roles to routines and proximity. Further analyses are given to identify roles of these strategies in coordinating competitive technical intelligence service interfaces. By way of giving such coordinating strategies, the paper points out feasible ways of improving the quality of competitive technical intelligence services, thus providing an interface analysis perspective to effective competitive technical intelligence services in future.
[1] GARCIA-ALSINA M,COBARSI-MORALES J,ORTOLL E. Competitive intelligence theoretical framework andpractices:the case of Spanish universities[J].Aslib journal of information management, 2016, 68(1):57-75.
[2] 赵筱媛. 产业竞争情报供给主体行为与效用的学理分析[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2015,38(6):40-43.
[3] 刘细文,马费成. 技术竞争情报服务的理论框架构建[J]. 图书情报工作, 2014,58(13):5-10.
[4] 郑荣,彭玉芳,曲佳艺,等. 中小企业竞争情报服务体系构建研究[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2012,35(8):74-79.
[5] 郑荣,彭玉芳,李千,等. 中小企业竞争情报服务体系的运作模式研究[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2013,36(7):15-19.
[6] DING N. Research and construction of the enterprise competitive intelligence system[J]. Applied mechanics and materials, 2014,519-520:1587-1592.
[7] 彭玉芳,郑荣. 中小企业竞争情报服务体系评价[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2015,38(8):66-70,20.
[8] 张灿影,刘德洪. 面向企业开放式创新的技术竞争情报服务模式探究[J]. 情报杂志, 2012,31(7):76-80.
[9] BIRAN D, ZACK M H, BRIOTTA R J. Competitive intelligence and information quality:a game-theoretic perspective[J]. Journal of data and information quality, 2014,4(3):1-20.
[10] LI X G,GAO Z J. The enterprise competitive intelligence system based on data mining[J]. Applied mechanics and materials, 2014, 543-544:4553-4556.
[11] 韩正彪,王知津,屈卫群,等. 面向企业战略与战术的技术竞争情报源研究[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2014,31(10):10-14.
[12] WILLARDSEN M I,MCGIVERN J V,HILL J O. Competitive intelligence tools for university-based technology transfer offices[J]. Technology transfer and entrepreneurship, 2014,1(2):132-137.
[13] OLSZAK C M. An overview of information tools and technologies for competitive intelligence building:theoretical approach[J]. Issues in informing science & information technology, 2014, 11:139-153.
[14] 刘永,许烨婧. 面向情境的情报服务理论问题研究[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2013,36(11):1-4,19.
[15] SALVETAT D,LAARRAF Z. Competitive intelligence key players within firms:the case of high-technology European firms[J]. Human systems management, 2013, 32(2):121-130.
[16] RAPP A,AGNIHOTRI R,Baker T L,et al. Competitive intelligence collection and use by sales and service representatives:how managers' recognition and autonomy moderate individual performance[J]. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 2014, 43(3):357-374.
[17] 刘兰剑,党兴华. 合作技术创新界面管理研究及其新进展[J]. 科研管理, 2007,28(3):1-8.
[18] 任荣. 界面层次、界面有效性与企业合作技术创新绩效评价[J]. 山东社会科学, 2013(5):160-163.
[19] 官建成,靳平安. 企业经济学中的界面管理研究[J]. 经济理论与经济管理, 1995(6):67-69.
[20] 刁兆峰,余东方. 论现代企业中的界面管理[J]. 科技进步与对策, 2001(5):85-86.
[21] BUXTON W,LAMB M R,SHERMAN D,et al. Towards a comprehensive user interface management system[J]. ACM SIGGRAPH computer graphics, 1983,17(3):35-42.
[22] 吴绍棠,李燕萍.产学研合作衍生的人才开发模式及比较研宄——基于界面管理视角[J].科技进步与对策,2014(3):144-148
[23] SONG X M,MONTOYA-WEISS M M,SCHMIDT J B. Antecedents and consequences of cross-functional cooperation:a comparison of R&D, manufacturing, and marketing perspectives[J]. Journal of product innovation management, 1997, 14(1):35-47.
[24] 杨慧,宋华明,刘小斌.全过程界面管理视阈下新兴产业发展政策研宄一鉴于美,日,西欧等发达国家经验[J].科学学研究,2011, 29(5):684-691.
[25] 陈琪,张永胜.产品创新市场导向与R&D——市场营销界面管理关系实证研究[J].科研管理,2013,34(1):79-84,93.
[26] 李艳,赵新力,齐中英. 技术竞争情报的现状分析[J]. 情报学报,2006(2):242-253.
[27] 李春好,杜元伟. 重大科技项目合作界面网络的整合优化方[J]. 科研管理, 2011,32(10):89-96.
[28] 王伟,陈逢文,魏群义. 企业技术情报服务平台的架构设计与实践研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2011,55(14):78-83.
[29] 潘杏梅,方红,张培峰. 面向小微企业的竞争情报服务模式研究——基于浙江的分析[J]. 科技管理研究, 2015(21):135-140.
[30] 杜元伟,段万春,孙永河. 重大科技项目合作结构界面分类探析[J]. 现代管理科学, 2011(1):30-32.
[31] 兰卡斯特. 情报检索系统——特性,试验与评价[M]. 北京:书目文献出版社, 1984.
