收稿日期: 2016-08-28
修回日期: 2016-10-21
网络出版日期: 2016-11-05
Evolution and Characteristics of American Librarian Professional Competency Concept
Received date: 2016-08-28
Revised date: 2016-10-21
Online published: 2016-11-05
[目的/意义] 了解和掌握美国图书馆员职业能力内涵的历史变迁和主要特征，以期对我国图书馆员职业能力建设有所借鉴。[方法/过程] 采用文献调研法，对美国图书馆员职业能力内涵的演进和职业能力观的特征进行分析和讨论。[结果/结论] 在美国“图书馆员职业能力”所包含的要素中，知识、技能、品性被认为是最核心的3个内容。在此基础上，美国“图书馆员职业能力”的内涵逐渐延伸与变形，形成了基于实践含义的“能力课程论”、基于社会含义的“社会能力论”、基于表层含义的“行为能力论”、基于现实含义的“标准能力论”、基于实质含义的“学习潜能论”等一系列能力理论体系。美国图书馆员职业能力观的主要特征表现在：社会建构性、文化敏锐性、读者中心性和动态发展性，而研究者采用的不同研究方法和研究视角是导致中美图书馆员职业能力观差异的根本原因。
孔繁超 . 美国图书馆员职业能力观的演进及其特征[J]. 图书情报工作, 2016 , 60(21) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2016.21.005
[Purpose/significance] To understand and master the historical changes and main features of the professional competence connotation of the American Librarians, in order to have some reference to construct the professional competency.[Method/process] By using the method of literature research, this paper analyzes and discusses the evolution of the professional competence connotation and the characteristics of theprofessional competency of Librarians in American.[Result/conclusion] Knowledge, capacity and disposition are the most important elements of librarian professional competency in USA, and view of capacity curriculum based on practice implications, view of social capacity based on social implications, view of behavior capacity based on the surface implications, view of standard capacity based on the realistic implications and view of learning potential based on the substantive implications constitutes its historical forms and interior extension. The apparent features of American view of librarian professional competency are social formation, cultural sensibility, focusing on helping readers and dynamical development. What leads to the differences among above capacity views lies in the differences of research methodology.
Key words： librarian; professional; competency concept; research methodology
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