[目的/意义] 面对图书馆学情报学学科在信息分化问题研究中对整体性、以人为本和关注效用等理论的诉求，探寻符合上述诉求的逻辑起点。[方法/过程] 基于对信息分化领域所采用相关概念的梳理，采用扎根理论方法对田野调查质性数据进行分析，归纳可行信息能力概念框架，结合效用主义、可行能力、信息素养等相关理论分析，提出可行信息能力是信息主体在信息行为中表现出来的实质自由。[结果/结论] 可行信息能力表现为信息主体在实践中的功能性活动，是结构因素、能动性因素和具体情境因素共同作用的结果。其中，结构因素主要包括经济条件、社会规范、政策法规、基础设施、信息资源等内容，能动性因素主要包括个人意识、技能、知识状态、社会网络等内容，情境因素主要包括时间、空间和场景等内容。通过探讨可行信息能力作为图书馆学情报学学科概念的适用性，发现其对信息贫困、信息行为、信息服务等研究领域具有可能的阐释作用。
[Purpose/significance] The multiple perspective solutions of information disparity have some disadvantages such as the lack of integrated perspective, the ignorance of core position for the information agents and the absence of information utility. The core question what the disparities are in informational capabilities among different agents with the orientation of information utility and why the disparity appear are the focus of this paper. [Method/process] Combined with the redefinition of informational capability and analysis based on grounded theory, it puts forward the General Model of Informational Capability. [Result/conclusion] Structural, agent and context factors contribute to informational capabilities which present as functional activities in information practice. Structural factors include economic conditions, social norms, policy and regulation, infrastructure and information resource, etc., while the agent factors include individual awareness, skills, knowledge and social network, etc.. Besides, the context factors cover time, space and situation. The main conclusions of this paper are as following: Informational capability is the substantive freedom in information behavior and related with information utility and personal development objectives of information agents. In this sense the information disparity could be regarded as the manifestation of informational capability differentiation. Beyond the contribution to information poverty and information inequality, informational capability might also have explanatory influence on information behavior and information service.
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