[目的/意义]分析美国政府数据开放战略的实施效果，并根据美国经济分析局等政府机构的数据开放实践以及《开放政府数据法案》对未来美国政府数据开放战略的要求，研判美国政府数据开放战略的新趋势，从而提出其对于我国政府数据开放战略实施的启示。[方法/过程]利用文献调研法和比较分析法进行研究，一是对比分析美国数据开放战略实施现状与未来该战略要求；二是对比分析我国目前数据开放战略现状与美国政府数据开放新趋势的差距。[结果/结论]美国政府数据开放战略将从数据类型、数据形式、审核机制、数据来源、储存机制、责任机构、评估机制等方面进行变革，从而促使政府数据产生更大的社会经济效益。我国目前在上述层面的发展应该充分借鉴美国的经验，加快发展具有我国特色的政府数据开放战略新机制。
[Purpose/significance] Based on the open data practices of the US government agencies such as the Bureau of Economic Analysis, this paper analyzes the effects of the US government's open data movement and how the Open Government Data Act will influence the US government's strategies on open data. Then, the new trends in the US government's strategies on open data are predicted and the implications are proposed for the Chinese government's implementation of the open data strategy.[Method/process] The methods used in this study were literature review and comparative analysis. The first step was to compare the current state of the open data strategy implementation in the USA and its future strategic plan. The second step was to make comparison between the current state of the open data strategy implementation in China and the new trends in open data of the US government.[Result/conclusion] The US government's open data strategy will be reformed from the following aspects:data types, data forms, review system, data source, storage system, responsible organizations and evaluation system. The reform will make the government data generate greater social and economic benefits. China should fully refer to and draw on the American experience in the aspects mentioned above and advance the development of the new system in the open government data strategies with Chinese characteristics.
[1] 陆健英,郑磊,SHARON S D. 美国的政府数据开放:历史、进展与启示[J]. 电子政务,2013(6):26-32.
[2] 政府数据开放不难,对照国外怎么做?[EB/OL].[2017-05-01]. http://www.sohu.com/a/132556039_715349.
[3] Budget of the United States government[EB/OL].[2017-05-01]. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=BUDGET&browsePath=Fiscal+Year+2017&isCollapsed=false&leafLevelBrowse=false&isDocumentResults=true&ycord=0.
[4] 唐斯斯,刘叶婷. 全球数据开放视野下的微观察[R/OL].[2017-05-01]. http://www.sic.gov.cn/News/302/2840.htm.
[5] Innovations in federal statistics:combining data sources while protecting privacy[R/OL].[2017-05-01].https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24652/innovations-in-federal-statistics-combining-data-sources-while-protecting-privacy.
[6] Open, public, electronic, and necessary government data act or the open government data act[EB/OL].[2017-05-01]. https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/2852.
[7] 考坦, 霍斯法瑟. 别碰科学家的邮件[J]. 环球科学,2017(5):91.
[8] 孙那. 我们有权利知道什么?——评美国《开放政府数据法案》[R/OL].[2017-05-01]. http://tencentresearch.com/4679.
[9] "In order that they might rest their arguments on facts":the vital role of government-collected data[R/OL].[2017-05-01]. https://www.brookings.edu/research/in-order-that-they-might-rest-their-arguments-on-facts-the-vital-role-of-government-collected-data/.
[10] 武夷山. 联邦政府统计工作与循证政策制定[EB/OL].[2017-05-01]. http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-1557-1043124.html.
[11] 张涵,王忠. 国外政府开放数据的比较研究[J]. 情报杂志,2015,34(8):142-146,151.
