图书情报工作

图书情报工作 >

2017 , Vol. 61 >Issue 20: 26 - 36

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2017.20.003

专题：政府数据开放共享：价值、政策与标准

我国政府数据开放共享政策问题的构建

  • 黄如花 ,
  • 温芳芳
展开
  • 1. 武汉大学信息资源研究中心 武汉 430072;
    2. 武汉大学信息管理学院 武汉 430072
黄如花(ORCID:0000-0003-4250-1914),教授,博士生导师。

收稿日期: 2017-05-16

  修回日期: 2017-08-01

  网络出版日期: 2017-10-20

基金资助

本文系国家社会科学基金重大项目"面向国家大数据战略的政府数据开放共享对策研究"（项目编号：15ZDC025）研究成果之一。

收起

The Construction of Policy Problems of Opening and Sharing Government Data in China

  • Huang Ruhua ,
  • Wen Fangfang
Expand
  • 1. Center for Studies of Information Resources, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072;
    2. School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072

Received date: 2017-05-16

  Revised date: 2017-08-01

  Online published: 2017-10-20

Fold

摘要

[目的/意义]旨在界定并描述我国政府数据开放共享面临的政策问题，为进一步政策分析奠定基础。[方法/过程]引入公共政策学的理论，采用类别分析法，试探性地建构政府数据开放共享政策问题的框架。根据政策问题的属性，如可能影响的程度、问题的可逆性、复杂性、问题间的关联性，以及与特定政治的相关性等，对我国政府数据开放共享的政策问题进行界定和阐述。[结果/结论]我国政府数据开放共享存在数据和元数据问题、数据管理问题、数据安全与隐私问题、数据权益问题和用户参与问题等政策问题。政府数据开放共享政策体系的构建需要围绕这些主要问题及其子问题展开深入的研究和探讨。

关键词： 政府数据; 开放政府数据; 开放数据; 共享数据; 政策问题

本文引用格式

黄如花 , 温芳芳 . 我国政府数据开放共享政策问题的构建[J]. 图书情报工作, 2017 , 61(20) : 26 -36 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2017.20.003

Abstract

[Purpose/significance] This paper analyzes the policy issues of opening and sharing government data in China. [Method/process] The paper introduced the theory of public policies, adopted the method of taxonomy analysis, and tentatively constructed the framework of policy problems for opening and sharing government data. According to the attributes of the policy problems, such as the extent of the possible impact, reversibility, complexity and connectivity, relevance to specific politics, etc., policy issues of opening and sharing government data in China were described.[Result/conclusion] The study shows that the current problems of opening and sharing policies of government data in China are mainly:problems of data and its metadata, data management issues, data security and privacy issues, issues of data rights and user participation problems. The construction of the opening and sharing government policy system needs to carry out in-depth research and discussion on these main problems and their sub-problems.

Key words： government data; open government data; open data; sharing data; policy problem

参考文献

[1] 国务院.关于印发促进大数据发展行动纲要的通知[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-09/05/content_10137.htm.
[2] ZUIDERWIJK A, JANSSEN M. Open data policies,their implementation and impact:a framework for comparison[J].Government information quarterly,2014,31(1):17-29.
[3] ZUIDERWIJK A, JANSSEN M. A comparison of open data policies and their implementation in two Dutch ministries[C]//BERTOT J, LUNA-REYES L F, MELLOULI S. Proceedings of the 13th annual international conference on digital government research. New York:ACM,2012:84-89.
[4] BERTOT J C, CHOI H. Big data and e-government:issues, policies, and recommendations[C]//MELLOULI S,LUNA-REYES L F,ZHANG J. Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on digital government research. New York:ACM,2013:1-10.
[5] 马海群,蒲攀. 国内外开放数据政策研究现状分析及我国研究动向研判[J]. 中国图书馆学报,2015(5):76-86.
[6] 马海群,汪宏帅. 我国政府开放数据战略的SLEPT分析及战略部署[J]. 情报科学,2016,34(3):3-8.
[7] 赵润娣. 多元视角下的中国开放政府数据政策环境研究[J]. 电子政务,2016(6):97-104.
[8] 中国行政管理学会课题组.我国政府数据开放顶层设计研究[J]. 中国行政管理,2016(11):6-12.
[9] 岳丽欣,刘文云. 我国政府数据开放保障机制的建设研究[J]. 图书情报工作,2016,60(19):40-48,39.
[10] 王本刚,马海群. 开放数据安全问题政策分析[J]. 情报理论与实践,2016(9):25-29.
[11] 张晓娟,王文强,唐长乐. 中美政府数据开放和个人隐私保护的政策法规研究[J]. 情报理论与实践,2016,39(1):38-43.
[12] 迪莉娅. 政府数据深度开放中的个人数据保护问题研究[J]. 图书馆,2016(6):54-58,64.
[13] 邓恩. 公共政策分析导论[M]. 2版. 谢明,杜子芳,等译. 北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010:119-162.
[14] 帕顿,沙维奇.公共政策分析和规划的初步方法[M]. 孙兰芝,胡启生,顾平安,等译. 北京:华夏出版社,2002:34-58.
[15] DOVERS S R. A framework for scaling and framing policy problems in sustainability[J]. Ecological economics,2005,12(2):93-106.
[16] ATTARD J, ORLANDI F, SCERRI A S, et al. A systematic review of open government data initiatives[J]. Government information quarterly,2015,32(4):399-418.
[17] 中国信息通信研究院. 大数据白皮书(2016)[R]. 北京:中国信息通信研究院,2016.
[18] 黄如花,王春迎. 我国政府数据开放平台现状调查与分析[J]. 情报理论与实践,2016,39(7):50-55.
[19] CHALIFOUR J. Digital curation issues involving open government data[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://www.phydeau.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/digital-curation-open-govt-open-data_joshua-chalifour.pdf.
[20] United Nations. UN e-government survey 2016[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2016.
[21] 迪莉娅. "反公地悲剧"视角下的政府数据开放研究[J]. 情报理论与实践,2016,39(7):56-60,8.
[22] 赵润娣. 国外开放政府数据政策:一个先导性研究[J]. 情报理论与实践,2016,39(1):44-48.
[23] 岳丽欣,刘文云.国内外政府数据开放现状比较研究[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(11):60-67.
[24] DAWES S, VIDIASOVA L, PARKHIMOVICH O. Planning and designing open government data programs:an ecosystem approach[J]. Government information quarterly,2016,33(1):15-27.
[25] ZUIDERWIJK A, JANSSEN M, CHOENNI S, et al. Socio, technical impediments of open data[J]. Electronic journal of electronic government,2012,10(2):156-172.
[26] KALAMPOKIS E,TAMBOURIS E, TARABANIS K. A classification scheme for open government data:towards linking decentralized data[J]. International journal of web engineering and technology, 2011,6(3):266-285.
[27] JANSSEN M, CHARALABIDIS Y, ZUIDERWIJK A. Benefits, adoption barriers and myths of open data and open government[J]. Information systems management,2012,29(4):258-268.
[28] 赵润娣. 政府信息公开领域新发展:开放政府数据[J]. 情报理论与实践,2015,38(10):116-121.
[29] 黄璜,赵倩,张锐昕. 论政府数据开放与信息公开——对现有观点的反思与重构[J]. 中国行政管理,2016(11):13-18.
[30] Open Knowledge Foundation. Beyond access:open government data & the right to (re)use public information[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. https://www.access-info.org/wp-content/uploads/Beyond_Access_7_January_2011_web.pdf.
[31] 才世杰,夏义堃. 发达国家开放政府数据战略的比较分析[J]. 电子政务,2015(7):17-26.
[32] JANSSEN K. The influence of the PSI directive on open government data:an overview of recent developments[J]. Government information quarterly,2011,28(4):446-456.
[33] 惠志斌. 美欧数据安全政策及对我国的启示[J]. 信息安全与通信保密,2015(6):55-60.
[34] 吴世忠. 大数据时代的安全风险及政策选择[J]. 中国信息安全,2013(9):60-63.
[35] 王世伟.大数据环境下信息安全交织特征及其政策路径选择[J]. 信息安全与通信保密,2015(6):26-29.
[36] 洪京一. 从G8开放数据宪章看国外开放政府数据的新进展[J]. 世界电信,2014(S1):55-60.
[37] UBALDI B. Open government data:towards empirical analysis of open government data initiatives[EB/OL].[2017-07-20].http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/open-government-data_5k46bj4f03s7-en.
[38] JANSSEN K. Open government data:right to information 2.0 or its rollback version?[EB/OL].[2017-07-20]. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2152566.
[39] Web Foundation. From open data to a right to data:a response to the UN data revolution report[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://webfoundation.org/2014/12/from-open-data-to-a-right-to-data-a-response-to-the-un-data-revolution-report/.
[40] 中国政法大学法治政府研究院. 中国法治政府评估报告(2016)精编版[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://fzzfyjy.cupl.edu.cn/info/1021/5945.htm.
[41] 王敬波,李帅. 我国政府信息公开的问题、对策与前瞻[J]. 行政法学研究,2017(2):77-93.
[42] SUSHA I, GRONLUND Å, JANSSEN M. Organizational measures to stimulate user engagement with open data[J].Transforming government:people, process and policy, 2015, 9(2):181-206.
[43] Open Government Working Group. Eight principles of open government data[EB/OL].[2017-09-14]. https://opengovdata.org/.
[44] VETRO A, CANOVA L, TORCHIANO M, et al. Open data quality measurement framework:definition and application to open government data[J]. Government information quarterly,2016,33(2):325-337.
[45] Experian Data Quality. Data quality for the public sector[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. https://www.edq.com/government/data-quality-management/.
[46] European big data value strategic research & innovation agenda[EB/OL].[2017-09-14]. http://www.bdva.eu/sites/default/files/europeanbigdatavaluepartnership_sria__v1_0_final.pdf.
[47] 蔡卓君,丁家友,王海宁. 近年来国内外面向创新创业的信息资源保障政策分析[J]. 情报科学,2017,35(3):37-41.
[48] SearchDataBackup. Data archiving[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://searchdatabackup.techtarget.com/definition/data-archiving.
[49] Experian Data Quality. 2017 global data management benchmark report[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. https://www.edq.com/resources/data-management-whitepapers/2017-global-data-management-benchmark-report/.
[50] 中国商业电讯. 数据堂政府大数据破解政府治理难题[EB/OL].[2017-04-28]. http://mt.sohu.com/20160504/n447641549.shtml.
[51] Symantec. Internet security threat report[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. https://www.symantec.com/security-center/threat-report.
[52] 惠志斌,覃庆玲. 中国网络空间安全发展报告(2016)[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://ex.cssn.cn/zk/zk_zkbg/201611/t20161125_3290430.shtml.
[53] 中国互联网络信息中心. 第39次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[R]. 北京:中国互联网络信息中心,2017.
[54] 杜雁芸. 大数据时代国家数据主权问题研究[J]. 国际观察,2016(3):1-14.
[55] 中国互联网协会. 中国网民权益保护调查报告(2016):54%的网民认为个人信息泄露严重[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://www.isc.org.cn/zxzx/xhdt/listinfo-33759.html.
[56] 周慧. 黑市交易下个人信息"裸奔" 央地探路立法保护[N].21世纪经济报道,2016-08-26(1).
[57] 陈英. 你的隐私网上只卖3分钱[N].重庆晚报,2017-04-11(3).
[58] DAWES S, VIDIASOVA L, TRUTNEV D. Approaches to assessing open government data programs:comparison of common traits and differences[C]//MISNIKOV Y,TRUTNEV D,CHUGUNOV A. Proceedings of the 20152nd international conference on electronic governance and open society:challenges in Eurasia. New York:ACM,2015:24-28.
[59] Department of Public Expenditure & Reform. Open data license[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. https://data.gov.ie/licence.
[60] Open Data Charter. Principles[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://opendatacharter.net/.
[61] 黄如花,李楠. 国外政府数据开放许可协议采用情况的调查与分析[J]. 图书情报工作,2016,60(13):5-12.
[62] McKinsey Global Institute. Big data:the next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity[EB/OL].[2017-04-18]. http://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/big-data-the-next-frontier-for-innovation.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉