[目的/意义]从民众信息需求与信息服务的视角提出政府信息公开效果的评价方法，丰富情报学在政府信息评价中的应用研究。[方法/过程]选取教育、住房、医疗等12个民生相关领域的生活事件，通过不同角度的查询语句模拟人们对上述事件的信息需求。定义匹配率、可见度、覆盖率以及查询平均有效网页数等指标来衡量政府网站公开的信息符合人们需求的情况。结合检索系统和人工筛选共同判断哪些网页符合人们的信息需求。采用全国35个城市政府网站的227万网页数据进行评价实验，评价指标兼顾对内容层面的相关性和评价可操作性的考虑。[结果/结论]本文将信息公开视为政府向民众提供的一种信息服务，根据公开内容所能满足的民众信息需求定义评价指标，衡量信息公开的实际效果。并通过对35个城市政府网站进行不同维度的指标计算得到评价结果，检验了该方法在政府信息公开实际效果评价上的可操作性。
[Purpose/significance] From the perspective of information needs and services, this study has evaluated the effects of government information disclosure by measuring how the provided information meets people' information needs,to enrich the application of information retrieval in government information evaluation.[Method/process] In order to simulate people's information needs, twelve life events related with people's basic livelihood such as education, housing, healthcare, etc. have been selected. Each event has been described by a set of queries to reflect the potential information needs people may have in their life. With the consideration of the manipuility in disclosure effect evaluation based on the content, four evaluation metrics have been defined, including the matching rate, the visibility, the coverage, and the average number of related information for effective queries. The information is considered as qualified for meeting the needs if it has been selected by a well-established retrieval model and then judged by human experts. The dataset in this experiment includes 2.27 million pages from 35 cities' government portal websites.[Result/conclusion] Information disclosure can be regarded as a kind of information service provided by the government to the public. Thus the method has been proposed to evaluating the effects of the disclosed government information. The defined metrics measure how the content of the disclosed information fits people's information needs, and the convenience it may give to people when they seek critical information in the government websites. The method has been employed on 35 cities' datasets, and the rankings have been analyzed. This study has shown the feasibility of evaluating the effects of the disclosed government information.
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