[目的/意义]首次被引速度是反映文献及其作者或承载期刊的影响力的重要维度，也在一定程度上决定了后续被引情况。尝试通过一些改进工作克服部分现有评价指标存在的问题，如评价结果区分度过小甚至错误、应用受限，以及不适应出版周期缩短的现实趋势等。[方法/过程]基于文献引用详细信息考察从计时单元细化进行指标改进的可行性，对现有研究中的两类指标进行改进，提出评估首次被引速度的新指标：S类指数（包括SF、Sz指数）和FM指数。考虑到要达到一定的数据量特定学者的发文时间跨度通常相对较大进而数据特征更为丰富的特点，选择他人同主题研究中的我国图书情报与文献学领域10名科研人员为研究对象进行实证研究，在CNKI引文数据库中获取324篇文献的首次施引文献，基于"被引-首引文献对"的年度或月度的时间差进行相应指标的计算。[结果/结论]从10位学者的新旧指数的评估结果看，相对于现有研究指标，新的FM指数具有非常显著的区分度及精细度的提升；新的S类指数具有与h指数相近的评价效力，同时其计时数据的客观、稳定的特性使其具有比传统S指数相对更大的应用空间；而且原始数据的获取对数据库没有过多要求，仅需进行一些数据处理和运算的编程工作，具有较大的可行性。
[Purpose/significance] The first-citation-speed is an important dimension which reflects the influence of the authors or the journals, and determines the subsequent cited situation to a certain extent. This paper makes some improvement to overcome some defects in the referenced algorithms. For example, the discrimination degree of the evaluation results is small; some results have errors, limited application, and not fit for the shorten trend of the publishing cycle.[Method/process] The feasibility of improvement by the timing unit refinement was verified by inspecting the literature reference details. Then,two new indexes were derived from the existing research:S index (including SF and Sz) and FM index. There was usually much larger time span of scholars' published papers than that of journals when collected with certain quantities for empirical studies, and the characteristics of the scholars' papers data would be more abundant, which was important for the effect of the empirical test. As a result, ten Chinese scholars in the field of library and information science were selected from similar research. Their respective published papers, cited papers, all the first citation papers were found out. Subsequently, the amount of cited papers for each scholar, the annual or monthly time lag between the cited paper and the corresponding first citation paper could be counted and the indexes were calculated for each scholar.[Result/conclusion] In terms of the evaluation results of ten scholars, the FM index has great enhancement in the differentiating effect and precision. The new S index has the same evaluation efficacy as h index and suit much more application scenarios for the objective and changeless characteristics of its timing data.All the databases provide the raw data needed for the index computing. The programming for data processing and computing is relatively simple. Therefore,the potential application value of these two new indexes and timing refinement in first citation research can be fully displayed.
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