[目的/意义] 图书馆政策制定过程中面临多重制度逻辑的冲突,图书馆政策制定者只有采取适应性策略来平衡利益相关者的诉求,才能实现图书馆的可持续发展。从多重制度逻辑冲突的视角来审视美国图书馆政策制定的过程,为我国图书馆政策制定和执行过程提供有益启示。[方法/过程] 通过对美国伊利诺伊州图书馆绩效拨款政策背景与过程的分析,阐述多重制度逻辑冲突(社会逻辑、图书馆运行逻辑以及市场化政府逻辑)下,图书馆政策制定者为平衡利益相关者所采取的应对策略。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明,在制定图书馆政策过程中,政策制定者为化解制度逻辑冲突及其合法性危机,可采取建立广泛的政策网络、多层次渐进式协商、充分运用策略空间、变更政策类型、构建政策修正机制等行为来平衡政策参与者的利益。
[Purpose/significance] In the process of library policy formulation, there is a conflict between the multi-system logic. Library policy makers must take various adaptive strategies and behaviors to balance the demands of stakeholders so as to realize the sustainable development of libraries. Based on the perspective of multiple system logical conflict, we can see the process of library policy formulation in the US, and we can draw useful inspiration for our library's policy formulation and implementation process.[Method/process] This paper analyzes the conflict among the logic of the market, the logic of the library's operation and the logic of the society, and the actions of policy makers to make the policy compromise in the face of the logic of the three institutional logic through the case study of library in Illinois.[Result/conclusion] It is found that policy activists will flexibly cope with the legitimacy of the pressure and the logical conflict of the system through the establishment of extensive policy network, the phased consultation, the analysis of the strategic space, the change of the policy type and the establishment of the policy self-correcting mechanism.
[1] 姜锡润,王曼.论社会转型时期价值冲突的根源与价值观重建[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(2):149-155.
[2] 郑丽芬,李红澄. 我国社区图书馆发展保障综述——以相关政策和法规为视角[J].图书馆,2017(2):1-7.
[3] 曹森,肖希明. 美国图书馆政策的发展历程、制定与实施[J].国家图书馆学刊, 2012, 21(1):9-14.
[4] CHU Y, KIM G. An analysis of the policy making process of gyeonggido cyber library establishment:based on the policy streams model of kingdon[J]. Journal of the Korean Society for Information Management, 2013, 30(3):71-87.
[5] HONG B, KIM G. An analysis of the policy making process of contracting-out of public library appeared inmunicipal ordinance on the establishment and operation of cultural foundation:based on the advocacy coalition framework[J]. Journal of the Korean Society for Library & Informationence, 2017, 51(3):265-292.
[6] MIYAHARA S. The formulation of library and information policy, "library 2000" and the transformation of social role of public library in Singapore[J]. Journal of Japan Society of Library & Information Science, 2006, 52(2):85-100.
[7] JAEGER P T, BERTOT J C, GORHAM U. Wake up the nation:public libraries, policy making, and political discourse[J]. Library quarterly, 2013, 83(1):61-72.
[8] THORNTON P H, OCASIO W, LOUNSBURY M. The institutional logics perspective[EB/OL].[2018-01-15].http://www.patriciathornton.com/files/9781412931236-Ch03.pdf.
[9] STRYKER R. Legitimacy processes as institutional politics:implications for theory and research in the sociology of organizations[C]//Professor Michael Lounsbury. Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley:Emerald Group Publishing Limited.2000:179-223.
[10] JORDAN M, HACKBART M. Performance budgeting and performance funding in the states:a states assessment[J]. Public budgeting & finance, 1999, 19(1):68-88.
[11] WHITE J. Illinois State Library strategic plan:2008-2011 progress report[EB/OL].[2017-08-11]. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED514956.pdf.
[12] 周雪光,艾云.多重逻辑下的制度变迁:一个分析框架[J].中国社会科学, 2010(4):132-150.
[13] DIMAGGIO P, POWELL W. The new institutionalism in organizational analysis[M]. Chicago,University of Chicago Press, 1991:387-393.
[14] BREEDING M. Illinois heartland library system, largest library consortium in the US, opts for polaris for shared automation[J]. Smart libraries newsletter, 2012, 32(9):3-5.
[15] YANAGISAWA T. The contributions of public library activities to policy-making by civic collaboration in local government[J]. Library and information science, 2013,6(9):83-102.
[16] 张晓桦. 制度逻辑下的公共图书馆治理能力现代化探析[J]. 图书情报工作,2015,59(21):63-67.
[17] DONG Y R. The impact of performance information on congressional appropriations[J]. Public performance & management review, 2014, 38(1):100-124.
[18] Illinois State Library. Illinois public library annual report (IPLAR) FY2016-2017 worksheet[EB/OL].[2017-08-11]. https://il.countingopinions.com/docs/il/FY2017_IPLAR_Worksheet.pdf.
[19] HALL P A. Policy paradigms, social learning, and the state:the case of economic policymaking in Britain[J]. Comparative politics, 1993, 25(3):275-296.
[20] D'AUNNO T, SUTTON R I, PRICE R H. Isomorphism and external support in conflicting institutional environments:a study of drug abuse treatment units[J]. Academy of management journal, 1991, 34(3):636-661.
[21] 林小英.中国教育政策过程中的策略空间:一个对政策变迁的解释框架[J].北京大学教育评论,2006,4(4):130-148.
[22] OLIVER C. Strategic responses to institutional processes[J]. Academy of management review, 1991, 16(1):145-179.
[23] LOWI T J. Four systems of policy, politics, and choice[J]. Public administration review, 1972, 32(4):298-310.
[24] LINDSAY J M, MARCUM R, TRAVIS L. TLA Rewind:special library report[J]. Tennessee libraries, 2011,61(2):1-8.
[25] 何艳玲,汪广龙.中国转型秩序及其制度逻辑[J].中国社会科学,2016(6):47-65,205.