[目的/意义]为更好地传播知识，提升阅读效果，研究针对电子阅读与纸质阅读的效果差异，以实验的形式探究影响媒介阅读效果的作用机制。[方法/过程]通过实验，比较学习者在高背景信息水平的纸质阅读（P-book）条件、中等背景信息水平的iReader电子阅读条件和低背景信息水平的Word电子阅读条件下的不同阅读效果。[结果/结论]结果发现：P-book条件下，学习者在迁移测验、认知负荷、阅读速度、视角疲劳程度上的表现都要显著好于Word条件，在迁移测验上也显著好于iReader组。iReader组在阅读速度和认知负荷上显著好于Word组。得出结论：阅读效果同时受阅读媒介和阅读环境中的背景信息标记的影响。纸质阅读环境中的背景信息标记，能够缓解视觉疲劳，降低认知负荷，提高阅读阅读速度；但是阅读效果中的知识理解却更容易受阅读媒介的影响，纸质媒体更利用于知识的理解。
[Purpose/significance] The paper aims to explore the effect mechanism of different reading media on reading performace, considering the different influence of electronic reading and paper reading.[Method/process] The paper conducted an experiment by setting up three reading conditions:paper book with high background information level (P-book), iReader with medium background information level and Word with low background information level.[Result/conclusion] The results showed that readers who used P-book had significantly better performance in transfer test, cognitive load, reading speed and visual fatigue than those who used Word; and they also had significantly better performance in transfer test than those who used iReader. Readers who used iReader had better performance in transfer test, cognitive load, reading speed and visual fatigue than those who used Word, but unfortunately only the difference in reading speed and cognitive load were significant. It is concluded that the reading performance is influenced by both the reading media and the background information in the reading environment. Background cues in paper-based reading environment can relieve visual fatigue, reduce cognitive load and improve reading speed; however, reading comprehension is more likely to be affected by reading media. Paper book is more useful for the knowledge comprehension.
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