[目的/意义]阐述区块链技术的发展背景，并在分析区块链技术去中心化、数据可靠以及自动化三大技术特征的基础上，根据美国图书馆界以及学术界的实践与研究成果，总结区块链技术对图书馆的变革性影响，从而提出我国图书馆应对区块链技术变革的对策。[方法/过程]利用文献调研法和比较分析法进行研究，一是从资源维度，分析区块链技术对图书馆新型元数据系统建立、数字资源确权以及资源共享等层面的影响；二是从服务维度，分析区块链技术对图书馆传统借还书服务、科研服务以及服务绩效评价等层面的影响。[结果/结论]我国图书馆界在图书馆区块链技术应用标准制定等层面远落后于国外，但是基于我国目前互联网企业的技术能力以及区块链产业的蓬勃发展，我国图书馆界具备了应用区块链技术的后发优势。因此，我国图书馆界应该加强与互联网企业、区块链技术公司以及相关产业上下游的联系，积极应用区块链技术，开展相关的软件应用以及实践活动，不断改善自身的服务内容与质量，积极拥抱区块链技术变革。

[Purpose/significance] This paper introduces the development background of blockchain technology and analyzes the three characteristics of blockchain technology, i.e., decentralization, reliable data and automation. According to the practice and research by American libraries and academic communities, this paper summarizes the transformative influence of blockchain technology on libraries, and puts forward some countermeasures for Chinese libraries to deal with the reform brought by blockchain technology.[Method/process] The research uses methods of literature review and comparative analysis. Firstly, from the resources dimension, this research analyzes the influence of blockchain technology on libraries from the following aspects:the establishment of a new type of library meta-data system, the right to confirm digital resources and the sharing of resources. Secondly, from the service dimension, this research analyzes the impact of blockchain technology on the library services, such as the traditional circulation services, scientific research services, and service performance evaluation.[Result/conclusion] The libraries in our country has lagged far behind those abroad in drawing up the application standards of blockchain technology for libraries. However, with the current technological capability of Internet enterprises in China and the booming development of blockchain industry, libraries in China have the potential cutting edge of deploying blockchain technology. Therefore, libraries in China should strengthen the relationship with the Internet enterprises, the blockchain technology companies and other related upstream and downstream industries, actively deploy the blockchain technology, carry out activities to use the related software programs, continuously improve their service content and quality and embrace the blockchain technology reform.