[目的/意义] 长效文献是指出版多年后仍然被连续多年引用，或者引用频次相对较高的文献，研究这部分老化较慢的长效文献的影响力，有助于完整评价文献整个生命周期的价值。[方法/过程] 选取CSSCI数据库来源期刊（2016-2017）中九个学科在2012年-2016年间出版期刊文献的引文年代数据，通过共时观察法进行科学文献老化情况和长效文献分析的研究。[结果/结论] 期刊中引文年代较为久远的引用量来自于大量的低频次被引用的文献集合。长效文献数量较少，可分为3种类型：成长型、成熟型和衰退型，3种类型的长效文献会随着时间推移产生一定转化。具有长效文献较多的期刊未必影响因子高，除心理学学科外，其他每个学科都有且仅有一本具有显著长效影响力的期刊。长效文献的关键词与当前学科研究热点相似，但是长效文献的追溯年代更久远，在反映当前学科热点来源的同时，对未来学科热点预测将发挥作用。
[Purpose/significance] Long-utility literature refers to the literature still being cited for a long time with a relatively high frequency of citation after publication for many years. The influence of long-utility literature contributes to fully evaluate the entire life cycle of the literature.[Method/process] This paper studies literature obsolescence and long-utility literature analysis through synchronic observation based on the citation age data of literature which published from 2012 to 2016 in nine disciplines in CSSCI.[Result/conclusion] It is found that earlier citation in the journal came from a large number of low frequency references. There are only a few long-utility literatures which can be divided into three types, that is, growing type, mature type and recess type, and there is a certain conversion relationship between three types as time goes on. Journals with more long-utility literature may not have high impact factor. There is only one journal with significant long-utility influence in each discipline except psychology. The keywords of the long-utility literature are similar to those of current research hotspot, but the long-utility literature can be traced far more distant. It will play an effective role in reflecting the current hotspot and forecasting the trend in the future.
[1] GOSNELL C F. The rate of obsolescence in college library book collections as determined by an analysis of the three select lists of books for college libraries[D]. New York:New York University,1943.
[2] BERNAL J D. The transmission of scientific information:a user's analysis[C]//Proceedings of the international conference on scientific information. Washington:National academy of science, 1959:85-95.
[3] PRICE D J. Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology, and nonscience[M]//Nelson C E. Communication among scientists and engineers. Massachusetts:Heath Lexington Books, 1970:3-22.
[4] GARFIELD E. Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation-journals can be ranked by frequency and impact of citations for science policy studies[J]. Science, 1972, 178(4060):471-479.
[5] HIRSCH J E. An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005, 102(46):16569-16572.
[6] EGGHE L. Theory and practise of the g-index[J]. Scientometrics, 2006, 69(1):131-152.
[7] 俞立平. 历史影响因子:一个新的学术期刊存量评价指标[J]. 图书情报工作,2015,59(2):89-92.
[8] 谢海修,王宏鑫. 文献老化的历时观察与共时观察的灰色关联分析[J]. 情报杂志, 1997,16(6):24-26.
[9] VERNON R. International investment and international trade in the product cycle[J]. The quarterly journal of economics, 1966, 80(2):190-207.
[10] 魏瑞斌,田大芳,武夷山. 基于被引生命周期的期刊被引的比较研究[J]. 图书情报工作,2014,58(1):79-85.
[11] 张中文,徐天和,董秀芬,等. 学术期刊论文生存被引次数的定义与应用[J]. 编辑学报,2015,27(4):316-319.
[12] LARIVIōRE V, ARCHAMBAULT E, GINGRAS Y. Long-term variations in the aging of scientific literature:from exponential growth to steady-state science (1900-2004)[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(2):288-296.
[13] 王京山,王锦贵. 经典文献概念分析[J]. 图书与情报,2006(1):103-105, 115.
[14] 马费成,刘旻璇. 知识网络的结构、演化及热点探测——CSSCI(1998-2011)经济学文献计量分析[J]. 情报科学,2014,32(7):3-8.
[15] CHEN C. CiteSpace Ⅱ:Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2006, 57(3):359-377.
