[目的/意义]介绍Make Data Count与COUNTER联合推出的《研究数据使用统计实施规范》，为数据级别计量提供新指标与新视角。[方法/过程]通过对标准文本的分析，介绍该规范的提出背景、目标、范围、相关概念及核心内容，通过案例剖析Dash、DataONE、Zenodo及其他7个数据存储库对《规范》的应用情况。[结果/结论]研究数据的使用统计具有其独特之处，《规范》的推出可对数据引用及数据替代计量形成补充进而描述完整的科研学术影响力。目前遵循该规范的数据存储库还不多，为推动数据使用计量的应用，需要标准组织、科研人员、机构库及数据存储库、出版商、科研机构及资助机构、图书馆等不同利益相关者在数据产生、管理、传播与利用等环节的相互合作。
[Purpose/significance] This paper introduces the Code of Practice for Research Data Usage Metrics developed by Make Data Count and COUNTER, to provide a new metric for evaluating research data impacts from a new perspective.[Method/process] Through the analysis of the code, the background, purpose, scope, definitions of data elements and other terms, and core contents were introduced. Then, through the case analysis, the application of the specification by Dash, DataONE, Zenodo and seven other data repositories were surveyed.[Result/conclusion] The usage of research data has its own unique features. The introduction of the Code can complent the work of data citation and altmetrics for data, and further measure the research impact from historic perspective. At present, there are not many data repositories that follow this standard. In order to promote the application of research data usage metrics, standards organizations, researchers, repositories, publishers, funders, research institutions and libraries should cooperate in the production, management, dissemination and utilization of research data.
[1] KRATZ J E, STRASSER C. Making data count.[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.39.
[2] FENNER M, LOWENBERG D, JONE M, et al. Code of practice for research data usage metrics, release 1[EB/OL].[2018-12-13]. https://www.projectcounter.org/code-of-prac tice-rd-sections/foreword/.
[3] NISO. Outputs of the NISO alternative assessment metrics project (NISO RP-25-2016)[EB/OL].[2018-12-29]. http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/17091/NISO RP-25-2016 Outputs of the NISO Alternative Assessment Project.pdf.
[4] FEAR K M. Measuring and anticipating the impact of data reuse[EB/OL].[2018-12-15].https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/102481/kfear_1.pdf?sequence=1.
[5] BOLLEN J, DE SOMPEL H V, RODRIGUEZ M A, et al. Towards usage-based impact metrics:first results from the MESUR project[C]//Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on digital libraries. New York:ACM, 2008:231-240.
[6] FORCE11. Joint declaration of data citation principles[EB/OL].[2018-12-29].https://www.force11.org/datacitationprinciples.
[7] The scholix initiative[EB/OL].[2018-12-29]. http://www.scholix.org/.
[8] NISO. Alternative outputs in scholarly communications——data metrics(NISO RP-25-201x-2A)[EB/OL].[2018-12-29].https://groups.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/16553/NISO%20RP-25-201x-2A%20Alternative%20Outputs%20in%20Scholarly%20Communications--Data%20Metrics.pdf.
[9] Partnerships:PLOS, CDL, and DataONE launch pilot project to develop data-level metrics[EB/OL].[2018-12-29].http://www.infodocket.com/2014/10/07/partnerships-plos-cdl-and-dataone-launch-pilot-project-to-develop-data-level-metrics/.
[10] FEAR K M. The impact of data reuse:a pilot study of five measures[EB/OL].[2018-12-30]. https://www.slideshare.net/asist_org/kfear-rdap.
[11] COSTAS R, MEIJER I, ZAHEDI Z, et al. The value of research data:metrics for datasets from a cultural and technical point of view[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.knowledge-exchange.info/event/value-reseach-data-metrics.
[12] BALL A, DUKE M. DCC how-to-guides:how to track the impact of research data with metrics[EB/OL].[2018-12-30].http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides.
[13] CASRAI. Research dataset-level metrics[EB/OL].[2018-12-30]. http://ref.casrai.org/Research_Dataset-Level_Metrics.
[14] 顾立平.数据级别计量——概念辨析与实践进展[J].中国图书馆学报,2015,41(2):56-71.
[15] 王毅萍,马建玲.国外科学数据影响力研究进展[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(7):118-126.
[16] 孟阳,屈宝强.数据计量与文献计量之间的对比研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(11):139-144,138.
[17] 丁楠,黎娇,李文雨泽,等.基于引用的科学数据评价研究[J].图书与情报,2014(5):95-99.
[18] 邢红梅,吕先竞,刘文君,等. 基于DCI的社会学数据影响力分析[J].图书馆理论与实践,2016(2):43-46.
[19] INGWERSEN P, CHAVAN V. Indicators for the Data Usage Index (DUI):an incentive for publishing primary biodiversity data through global information infrastructure. BMC bioinformatics, 2011,12(Suppl 15):S3.
[20] 丁培.科学数据使用统计应用及关键流程研究[J].现代情报,2017,37(7):116-122.
[21] 李洪.新版COUNTER的特征及未来发展[J].中国图书馆学报,2012,38(6):29-37.
[22] DEKKERS A, ISAAC A. Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) 1.1[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].https://w3c.github.io/dxwg/dcat/.
[23] COUNTER Code of Practice Release 5[EB/OL].[2018-12-13]. https://www.projectcounter.org/code-of-practice-five-sections/foreword/.
[24] ANSI/NISO Z39.93-2014 SUSHI Protocol[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/download.php/14217/Z39-93-2014_SUSHI-1_7.pdf.
[25] BURTON A, FENNER M, HAAK W, et al. Scholix metadata schema for exchange of scholarly communication links[EB/OL].[2018-12-13].https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1120265.
[26] How to make your data count[EB/OL].[2018-12-25]. https://makedatacount.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/how-to-make-your-data-count-webinar-july-2018.pdf.
[27] Dash how-to-guideline[EB/OL].[2018-12-24]. https://github.com/CDLUC3/Make-Data-Count/blob/master/getting-started.md.
[28] DataONE implements new usage and citation metrics to make your data count[EB/OL].[2018-12-25]. https://makedatacount.org/2018/10/24/dataone-implements-new-usage-and-citation-metrics-to-make-your-data-count/.
[29] Zenodo usage statistics launched[EB/OL].[2018-12-27]. http://blog.zenodo.org/2018/07/18/2018-07-18-usage-statistics/.
[30] California Digital Library. Implementing the COUNTER code of practice for research data in repositories[EB/OL].[2018-12-21]. https://github.com/CDLUC3/Make-Data-Count/blob/master/getting-started.md.
[31] WHYTE A. Where to keep your data:key considerations(checklist).[EB/OL].[2018-12-21].http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/.
[32] DataCite Metadata Working Group. DataCite metadata schema for the publication and citation of research data[EB/OL].[2018-12-21]. http://doi.org/10.5438/0010.
[33] DCC disciplinary metadata standards[EB/OL].[2018-12-21].http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/metadata-standards.
[34] Publishers:make your data citations count![EB/OL].[2018-12-25]. https://makedatacount.org/2018/05/29/publishers-make-your-data-citations-count/.
[35] Crossref data & software citation deposit guide for publishers[EB/OL].[2018-12-25]. https://support.crossref.org/hc/en-us/articles/215787303-Crossref-Data-Software-Citation-Deposit-Guide-for-Publishers.
