[目的/意义]通过解析国际组织科学数据开放共享政策所定义的不同利益相关者的责任与作用来为完善我国《科学数据管理办法》和实施科学数据开放共享提供参考。[方法/过程]基于网络调查和文本分析，论述国际组织科学数据开放共享政策所定义的不同利益相关者在科学数据开放共享中的责任与作用。[结果/结论]国际组织科学数据开放共享政策定义了包括政府、研究人员、研究机构、研究资助机构、图书馆或档案馆、数据中心、出版商、专业协会或学会、用户、企业等在内的众多利益相关者及其在科学数据开放共享活动中所具有的不同的责任与作用。我国应该借鉴这些经验制定国内科学数据开放共享政策，进一步提升科学数据开放共享水平。
[Purpose/significance] By analyzing the responsibilities and roles of different stakeholders defined by the open sharing policies of scientific data in international organizations, this paper provides a reference for perfecting the scientific data management method and implementing the open sharing of scientific data in China.[Method/process] Based on the network survey and text analysis, this paper discusses the responsibilities and roles of different stakeholders in open sharing of scientific data defined by the open sharing policies of scientific data in international organizations.[Result/conclusion] The open sharing policies of scientific data in international organizations defines a wide range of stakeholders including governments, researchers, research institutions, research funding institutions, libraries or archives, data centers, publishers, professional associations or institutes, users and enterprises, who have different responsibilities and roles in open sharing of scientific data. We should draw lessons from these experiences to formulate the open sharing policies of domestic scientific data, and further improve the level of open sharing of scientific data in China.
[1] THEROYAL SOCIETY. Science as an open enterprise[M].London:The Royal Society,2012:18.
[2] COMMITTEE ON ENSURING THE UTILITY AND INTEGRITY OF RESEARCH DATA IN A DIGITAL AGE.Ensuring the integrity, accessibility, and stewardship of research data in the digital age[M]. Washington, DC:The National Academies Press,2009.
[3] LYON L. Dealing with data:roles, rights, responsibilities and relationships[R/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://opus.bath.ac.uk/412/1/dealing_with_data_report-final.pdf.
[4] 相丽玲,王睛.论开放数据的法律属性、责任义务及其相关机制[J].国家图书馆学刊, 2013(5):38-44.
[5] 尤霞光,盛小平. 8个国际组织科学数据开放共享政策的比较与特征分析[J].情报理论与实践, 2017,40(12):40-45.
[6] OECD.OECD principles and guidelines for access to research data from public funding[EB/OL].[2019-01-27].https://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/38500813.pdf.
[7] Group on Earth Observations. Implementation guidelines for the GEOSS data sharing principles[EB/OL].[2019-01-27].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.684.1606&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[8] LERU. Open research data[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://www.leru.org/files/publications/Open_Access_to_Research_Data-FINALdocx.pdf.
[9] LERU. LERU roadmap for research data[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/sites/default/files/pdf/598.pdf.
[10] IASC. Statement of principles and practices for arctic data management[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://iasc.info/images/data/IASC_data_statement.pdf.
[11] G8 Science Ministers Statement London UK, 12 June 2013[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/206801/G8_Science_Meeting_Statement_12_June_2013.pdf.
[12] G8.G8 open data charter[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://opendatacharter.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/opendatacharter-charter_F.pdf.
[13] EUROPEAN COMMISSION.Guidelines on open access to scientific publications and research data in Horizon 2020version 1.0[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://www.gsrt.gr/EOX/files/h2020-hi-oa-pilot-guide_en.pdf.
[14] CODATA.Data sharing principles in developing countries(The Nairobi data sharing principles)[EB/OL].[2018-10-09]. https://www.rd-alliance.org/sites/default/files/attachment/NairobiDataSharingPrinciples.pdf.
[15] ICSU-WDS.WDS data sharing principles[EB/OL].[2018-10-09]. https://www.icsu-wds.org/services/data-sharing-principles.
[16] Science International. Open data in big data world[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://www.science-international.org/sites/default/files/reports/open-data-in-big-data-world_long_en.pdf.
[17] EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL(ERC).Guidelines on implementation of open access to scientific publications and research data[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/other/hi/oa-pilot/h2020-hi-erc-oa-guide_en.pdf.
[18] CABINET OFFICE. G8 open data charter:UK action plan 2013[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/g8-open-data-charter-national-action-plan/g8-open-data-charter-uk-action-plan-2013.
[19] Open government portal[EB/OL].[2018-06-27]. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset?portal_type=dataset.
[20] Find open data[EB/OL].[2018-06-27].https://data.gov.uk/.
[21] UHLIR P F, SCHRÖDER P. Open data for global science[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://datascience.codata.org/articles/10.2481/dsj.6.OD36/galley/367/download/.
[22] FIGSHARE.The state of open data 2017:a selection of analyses and articles about open data[R/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/9558481.
[23] EUROPEANRESEARCH COUNCIL. Open access guidelines for research results funded by the ERC[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. https://erc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/document/file/ERC_Open_Access_Guidelines-revised_feb_2016.pdf.
[24] FIGSHARE.The state of open data:a selection of analyses and articles about open data[R/OL].[2019-01-27].https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/6558051.
[25] CORRALL S. Roles and responsibilities:libraries, librarians and data[M]//Pryor G. Managing research data. London:Facet Publishing,2012:105-133.
[26] THE LIBER WORKINGGROUPON E-SCIENCE. Ten recommendations for libraries to get started with research data management[R/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://libereurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/The%20research%20data%20group%202012%20v7%20final.pdf.
[27] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于印发科学数据管理办法的通知[EB/OL].[2019-01-27]. http://www.most.gov.cn/mostinfo/xinxifenlei/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2018/201804/t20180404_139023.htm.
[28] 中国科学院.《中国科学院科学数据管理与开放共享办法(试行)》[EB/OL].[2019-02-21].http://m.cas.cn/tzgg1/201902/P020190220358041915907.pdf.
