[目的/意义] 针对60年间作者引用行为演变的分析，了解引文评价的局限性，促进学术论文评价方法的发展和完善。[方法/过程] 通过对1957-2017年物理学和哲学代表性期刊的280篇论文的3 314条参考文献和5 222次引文进行识别，判断和统计其在不同年代的引用特征，并讨论引用行为的演变趋势对引文评价的可能影响。[结果/结论] 通过调查发现如下结论：一是期刊论文在参考文献载体类型和年代分布上没有明显变化，但在篇均参考文献量、参考文献文内平均被引用次数、论文的引用认同和引用深度等方面存在明显变化趋势；二是引用行为的变化，使得引文分析作为学术论文评价的依据受到质疑。论文篇均参考文献量的增长以及深度引用与负面引用比重的下降，使得引文评价的参考性减弱。
[Purpose/significance] According to the change of citation behavior among 60 years, we can understand the limitation of citation evaluation and promote the development of evaluation methods for academic papers.[Method/process] In this paper, a sampling survey was adopted to investigate the change of citation behavior.280 journal articles on physics and philosophy published between 1957 and 2017 were studied. Based on these, this paper offered a discussion of trend of citation behavior and its impact on citation evaluation.[Result/conclusion] There is an obvious variation trend in the number of references per paper, the average cited frequency of references, the citation identification and the citation depth, while the type of media and the publication time of references show no significant change. As the basis of evaluation, citation behavior has an obvious trend in sixty years which questions the reliability of citation analysis as academic evaluation method. The growth of references in per article and the fall of proportion of closely citation and negative cites make the citation data has a weakening function on evaluation.
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