[目的/意义] 概述图书馆应对突发公共卫生事件的理论依据，对当前国内外不同类型图书馆开展突发公共卫生事件进行回顾和调研，以期为今后国内更多图书馆开展应急信息服务提供借鉴经验。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研、文献调研以及对比分析的方法，系统地梳理和分析美国图书馆、英国图书馆、新加坡图书馆以及国内医学专业图书馆和省级公共图书馆，针对当前新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情和既往突发公共卫生事件的信息服务实践，总结国内外可供借鉴的经验。[结果/结论] 大型图书馆应建立健全应急管理事件预案和处置机制、充分发挥图书馆信息集成作用以为不同层次用户及时提供信息服务、利用多媒体技术进行突发公共卫生信息报道宣传。
[Purpose/significance] Summarize the theoretical basis for libraries to respond to public health emergencies; review and investigate the current public health emergencies of different types of libraries at home and abroad, with a view to providing emergency information for more domestic libraries in the future experience in service provision.[Method/process] Through network research, literature research, and comparative analysis, this paper systematically sorted out and analyzed American libraries, British libraries, Singapore libraries, domestic medical professional libraries, and provincial public libraries to address the current epidemic situation of new-type coronavirus infection pneumonia information service practices for past public health emergencies.[Result/conclusion] Large libraries should establish and improve emergency management incident handling mechanisms, give full play to the role of library information integration, provide timely information services for users at different levels, and use multimedia technology for emergency public health event coverage.
[1] 习近平:完善重大疫情防控体制机制健全国家公共卫生应急管理体系[N].人民日报,2020-02-15(1).
[2] 傅平. 美国图书馆是如何应对新冠疫情暴发的[J].图书馆杂志,2020,39(3):24-31.
[3] 张靖.美国国立医学图书馆灾害应急信息服务与启示[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(7):72-77.
[4] FEATHERSTONE R, LYON B, RUFFIN B. Library roles in disaster response: an oral history project by the National Library of Medicine[J].Journal of the Medical Library Association, 2008,96(4):343-349.
[5] MCGUIRE L. Planning for a pandemic influenza outbreak: roles for librarian liaisons in emergency delivery of educational programs [J]. Medical reference services quarterly, 2007, 26(4):1-13.
[6] ZACH L. What do I do in an emergency? the role of public libraries in providing information during times of crisis[J], Science & technology libraries,2011, 30(4): 404-413.
[7] 王晓娟,吴珞华.预防医学图书馆在突发公共卫生事件中的应急医学信息服务探讨[J].医学信息学杂志,2011,32(11):70-72.
[8] 魏永丽,韦汉淬,罗燕萍. 图书馆突发公共事件应急机制构建探索[J],图书情报工作,2015,59(S1):1-2,8.
[9] 中华人民共和国国务院令(第376号)《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》[EB/OL]. [2020-02-15].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BB%A4%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC376%E5%8F%B7%EF%BC%89/23167285?fr=aladdin.
[10] 王帅博,计永利,李万冬.医学高校在社会突发公共卫生事件中的优势与作为——以我校甲型H1N1流感为例[J].中国科技信息,2012(11):199,204.
[11] ELLEN R. From social hygiene to consumer health: libraries, health information, and the American public from the late nineteenth century to the 1980s[J]. Library & information history, 2012, 28(3):202-219.
[12] LUKENHILL W B. HIV-AIDS information and the American library community: an overview of responses to the HIV-AIDS health crisis[C/OL].[2020-01-15]. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED415868.pdf.
[13] MARTIN E. Social justice and the medical librarian [J]. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 2019, 107(3): 291-303.
[14] LOVE C,ARNESEN S, PHILLIPS S,et al. National library of medicine disaster information management research center: achieving the vision, 2010-2013[J]. Information services & use, 2014, 34(1/2): 149-170.
[15] NLM概况[EB/OL].[2020-05-26].https://www.nlm.nih.gov/.
[16] 王培林. 健康信息服务驱动公共图书馆未来发展——基于《英国NHS图书馆质量评估标准》的分析与启示[J].图书情报知识,2018(2):32-39.
[17] CASE H, HOWARD N. Patient and public information delivery through NHS library and knowledge services: how knowledge for healthcare changed the landscape[J].Health information & libraries journal,2017, 34(3):183-186.
[18] NHS长期计划[EB/OL].[2020-03-15].https://www.longtermplan.nhs.uk/.
[19] Coronavirus guidance for clinicians[EB/OL].[2020-05-27].https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/.
[20] News: coronavirus [EB/OL].[2020-05-26]. https://www.bl.uk/news/2020/march/coronavirus.
[21] 新加坡国立医学图书馆概况[EB/OL].[2020-05-26]. https://libportal.nus.edu.sg/frontend/ms/medical-library/about-medical-library.
[22] 新加坡大学应急管理部门[EB/OL].[2020-05-26].https://emergency.nus.edu.sg/.
[23] 新加坡国家图书馆通知[EB/OL]. [2020-05-26].https://www.nlb.gov.sg/.
[24] 公共危机管理的预警机制[EB/OL].[2020-05-26].https://www.docin.com/p-1900147663.html.
[25] 关于提供新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎医疗救治定点医院和发热门诊导航服务的公告[EB/OL].[2020-05-26].http://www.imicams.ac.cn/publish/default/tzgg/content/2020020311083619327.htm.
[26] NSTL新冠肺炎应急文献信息专栏[EB/OL].[2020-05-26]. https://www.nstl.gov.cn/index.html.
[27] 新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)防控知识服务平台[EB/OL].[2020-05-26]. http://2019ncov.imicams.ac.cn/index.html.
[28] 卓立筑.危机管理:新形势下公共危机预防与处理对策[M].北京:中央党校出版社,2011.
