[目的/意义] 新型冠状病毒疫情下，建立完善数据开放平台和共享机制，应对全球公共卫生挑战，推进公共卫生紧急事件数据共享能力的建设，已经成为各国政府和科技界的普遍共识。[方法/过程] 首先审视历次突发公共卫生事件中的数据共享政策规范和应对措施，接着通过对同行评议期刊、预印本、数据知识库、临床试验注册平台和基因组/结构数据中心等数据共享来源的实证调查，分析新型冠状病毒数据的共享现状，最后探讨突发公共卫生事件中不同数据共享机制的优缺点和障碍。[结果/结论] 新型冠状病毒疫情的数据共享程度明显提高，但仍未达到常态化。技术、动机、经济、政治、法律和伦理因素是影响数据共享的主要障碍。我国应从战略规划、基础设施、利益相关者和伦理法律等方面，加强突发公共卫生事件中的数据共享能力。
[Purpose/significance] Under the novel coronavirus epidemics, it has become the general consensus by government and scientific discipline to establish and improve the open data platform and data sharing mechanism, to response the global public health challenge and to promote the construction of local public health emergency management data sharing capacity.[Method/process] First, the data sharing policy and actions in previous public health emergencies were examined. Then, based on the investigation of data sharing practices such as peer-reviewed journals, preprint, data repositories, clinical trial registration platform and genome/structure data center, this paper analyzed the current situation of COVID-19 data sharing. Finally, it discussed the advantages, disadvantages and obstacles of different data sharing mechanisms in public health emergencies.[Result/conclusion] The COVID-19 data sharing degree was obviously improved, but it had not reached the norm. Technical, motivational, economic, political, legal and ethical factors were barriers to data sharing. China should enhance the ability of data sharing in public health emergencies from the aspects of strategy, infrastructure, stakeholder and ethics.
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