[目的/意义] 科研数据基础设施是科研数据高效管理和利用、数字化科研得以高效运转而不可或缺的支撑性基础设施。[方法/过程] 以德国科研数据基础设施项目为研究对象，从国家地区任务内容区别、建设机构组织和相关管理机制角度对科研数据基础设施建设模式进行分析。[结果/结论] 研究发现，德国科研数据基础设施在不同层面具有不同侧重，在国家层面以数据的标准、工具为主；在地方层面以服务、培训为主，在建设中采取广泛合作、能力互补的策略进行机构组织；在管理中，则具有侧重统一管理和监督的特点。最后对我国进行科研数据基础设施建设给予建议。
[Purpose/significance] The research data infrastructure is an indispensable supporting infrastructure for the efficient management, utilization, and efficient operation of digital scientific research. [Method/process] This paper took the German research data infrastructure projects as the research object, and analyzed the construction mode from the perspectives of national and regional task content, construction organisation and related management mechanisms. [Result/conclusion] The study found that the German research data infrastructure has different emphasis at different levels. At the national level, data standards and tools are the main focus, while at the local level, services and training are the main focus. It adopts a strategy of extensive cooperation and complementary capabilities in construction. And in management, it has the characteristics of focusing on unified management and supervision. This paper concludes with suggestions for China's research data infrastructure construction.
[1] 蔚海燕,范心怡.研究型图书馆数据馆员能力需求及服务内容研究[J].图书馆,2019(4):85-91.
[2] 刘兹恒,曾丽莹.我国高校科研数据管理与共享平台调研与比较分析[J].情报资料工作,2017(6):90-95.
[3] 王敬,王彦兵.国外科研数据基础设施研究及实践的调研与分析[J].情报资料工作,2016(6):99-104.
[4] GRDI2020.Unlocking the full value of scientific data[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].http://www.grdi2020.eu/Pages/Unlock.aspx.
[5] European Science Foundation. MERIL Portal[EB/OL].[2020-01-23].http://portal.meril.eu/converisesf/static/about.
[6] FAAS H.GRDI2020[EB/OL].[2020-01-05].http://www.grdi2020.eu/Default.aspx.
[7] EUDAT Ltd.EUDAT Collaborative Data Infrastructure[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].http://eudat.eu/.
[8] BMBF.Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur[EB/OL].[2020-01-04].https://www.bildung-forschung.digital/de/nationale-forschungsdateninfrastruktur-2542.html.
[9] 储文静,李书宁.我国科学数据联盟管理模式构建研究[J].图书馆学研究,2019(14):51-57.
[10] TU Delft Library.4TU.Centre for Research Data[EB/OL].[2020-01-05].https://researchdata.4tu.nl/en/.
[11] University of Michigan.ICPSR[EB/OL].[2020-03-31].https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/.
[12] 清华大学.清华大学中国经济社会数据研究中心[EB/OL].[2020-01-05].http://www.tcdc.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/.
[13] 中国人民大学.中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心[EB/OL].[2020-01-05].http://nsrc.ruc.edu.cn/.
[14] Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften.GESIS[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.gesis.org/home.
[15] Ifo Institute.LMU-ifo Economics & Business Data Center[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.ifo.de/en/EBDC.
[16] Heidelberg University. heiDATA[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://heidata.uni-heidelberg.de/.
[17] Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.Open Data LMU[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://data.ub.uni-muenchen.de/.
[18] Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.Media Repository Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://media.hu-berlin.de/.
[19] Karlsruher Institut für Technologie.bwFDM[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://bwfdm.scc.kit.edu/.
[20] Rat für Informationsinfrastrukturen.Leistung aus Vielfalt[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].http://www.rfii.de/?wpdmdl=1998.
[21] Rat für Informationsinfrastrukturen.RFⅡ-DISKUSSIONSPAPIER "SCHRITT FUR SCHRITT - ODER:WAS BRINGT WER MIT?"[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].http://www.rfii.de/download/rfii-diskussionspapier-2017/.
[22] Rat für Informationsinfrastrukturen.RFⅡ-DISKUSSIONSPAPIER"ZUSAMMENARBEIT ALS CHANCE"[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].http://www.rfii.de/download/rfii-diskussionspapier-maerz-2018/.
[23] Allianz der Wissenschaftsorganisationen.Diskussionspapier zur ausarbeitung einer bund-Länder-vereinbarung zum aufbau einer nationalen forschungsdateninfrastruktur[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/zv/de/ueber-fraunhofer/wissenschaftspolitik/10/20180808%20Diskussionspapier%20NFDI%20der%20Allianz.pdf.
[24] Rat für Informationsinfrastrukturen. Wide impact for research:NFDI Consortia as Stakeholders[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].http://rfii.de/?wpdmdl=3818.
[25] DFG.Agreement between the federal government and the Länder concerning the establishment and funding of a National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI)[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/foerderung/programme/nfdi/blv_en.pdf.
[26] Research data e-infrastructures:framework for action in H2020[EB/OL].[2020-03-24].https://indico.cern.ch/event/233119/contributions/492496/attachments/388387/540129/H2020-Framework-4-Action.pdf.
[27] DFG.NFDI statistik antragseingang[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/foerderung/programme/nfdi/191212_nfdi_statistik_antragseingang.pdf.
[28] DFG.Guidelines for Consortia National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI)[EB/OL].[2020-10-12].http://www.dfg.de/formulare/nfdi100/nfdi100_en.pdf.
[29] Philipps-Universität Marburg.HeFDI[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/forschung/kontakt/eresearch/projekte-und-netzwerke/hefdi.
[30] NFDI4Culture.NFDI4Culture[EB/OL].[2020-01-15].https://nfdi4culture.de/.
[31] DFG.NFDI4Culture - Consortium for research data on material and immaterial cultural heritage[EB/OL].[2020-01-20].https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/foerderung/programme/nfdi/absichtserklaerungen/2019/2019_nfdi_4culture.pdf.
[32] DFG.Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur[EB/OL].[2020-01-07].https://www.dfg.de/foerderung/programme/nfdi/index.html.
[33] 科技部.关于发布国家科技资源共享服务平台优化调整名单的通知[EB/OL].[2020-01-05].http://www.most.gov.cn/mostinfo/xinxifenlei/fgzc/gfxwj/gfxwj2019/201906/t20190610_147031.htm.
[34] 屈宝强.中国科学数据基础设施建设及发展对策研究[J].情报工程,2020,6(1):11-21.
[35] 国务院办公厅.科学数据管理办法[EB/OL].[2020-04-02].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2018-04/02/content_5279272.htm.
[36] 中共中央国务院.中共中央国务院关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见[EB/OL].[2020-04-09].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2020-04/09/content_5500622.htm.
[37] 胡良霖,郑晓欢,朱艳华,等.中国科学院科学数据标准体系研究与实践[J].图书馆,2019(11):6-10.
