[目的/意义] 探究不同环境下，美国不同服务范围的公共图书馆应对不同种类重大突发事件的经验，从中获得相应启示，继而为我国公共图书馆应对类似事件提供参考。[方法/过程] 对公共图书馆面对社会重大突发事件所做的工作进行全面梳理，将其分为自身业务工作和对外社会服务两大类。其中，针对社会服务类工作，将案例以突发事件来源归类，并探讨在不同类型的重大突发事件发生后，现实与网络两种环境下，美国公共图书馆社会服务的模式内容。[结果/结论] 研究发现，从突发事件的来源看，自然灾害和社会问题下的社会服务都具有对损失的补偿性，但社会问题下的社会服务在短期应急响应方面还具有对灾后不良后果的遏制性；而从提供服务的环境看，在面临重大突发事件时，公共图书馆逐渐呈现出将工作重心从现实转移到网络的趋势；此外，从公共图书馆的类型看，大型公共图书馆更具宏观调度的特点，中小型公共图书馆则更具针对性服务本地民众的特点。最后，根据上述分析结果得出对我国公共图书馆应对重大突发事件的启示。
[Purpose/significance] This paper explored American public libraries' experience in dealing with different types of major emergencies in various service arrangements, so as to provide reference for public libraries in China if similar incidents would unfortunately happened.[Method/process] By comprehensively reviewing the response of public libraries to major social emergencies, work can be divided into two categories:inner continuous business and external social service. As for social service work, we classified the selected cases according to the source of emergencies, and discussed the pattern and content of which under the two environments of reality and network after different types of major emergencies occurrence.[Result/conclusion] From the perspective of the source of emergencies, social service under natural disasters or social problems can compensate for the losses, while social service under social problems can also contain the adverse consequences of disasters in the short-term emergency response. From the perspective of the environment of providing service, when facing emergencies, the public library gradually presents the trend of shifting the focus of work from the reality to the network. In addition, from the perspective of the types of public libraries, large public libraries have the characteristics of macro scheduling, while small and medium public libraries have the characteristics of serving local people. Based on the above analysis results, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions for public libraries in China to deal with similar situations.
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