[目的/意义] 旨在探测用户在探索式搜索前后认知结构的改变，以揭示其认知结构变化的模式及其原因。[方法/过程] 采用实验法获取30名用户在搜索前后的概念图，依据概念图评价指标体系对两阶段的概念图进行评估比较，识别用户认知结构的变化模式。进一步分析用户与文献的认知交互特征，探究其对认知结构提升的影响。[结果/结论] 研究表明，用户搜索前后认知结构的变化呈现三种模式，66.6%的用户认知结构有明显改进，16.7%的用户认知结构保持不变，16.7%的用户认知结构得到极大完善。研究发现用户与文献正文的认知交互是改善认知结构的重要因素。
[Purpose/significance] This paper aims to explore the changes of users’ cognitive structure before and after exploratory search, and reveal patterns and reasons of their cognitive structure changes. [Method/process] A user experiment was conducted where concept maps of 30 subjects before and after searching were obtained. The two stages of concept maps were measured and compared according to the concept map evaluation system, the change patterns of users’ cognitive structure were identified. Furthermore, the cognitive interaction characteristics between users and documents were analyzed to explore its impact on the improvement of cognitive structure. [Result/conclusion] The results show that there are three kinds of change patterns of users’ cognitive structure before and after searching. 66.6% of users have showed significant improvement in their cognitive structure, 16.7% of users have maintained the same cognitive structure, and 16.7% of users improved their cognitive structure to a very high level. The study proves that the cognitive interaction between users and full-text is a significant factor for improving users’ cognitive structure.
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