［目的/意义］ 基于专利的全代引证网络对专利进行分类，对高影响力专利的知识扩散特征进行分析，为专利影响力的认识和评估提供重要参考。［方法/过程］ 以生物学家悉尼·布伦纳的专利为例，研究其专利和前向引证专利生成的专利全代引证网络，根据专利的直接引证数量和引证长度两个对专利扩散发挥重要作用的因素将专利分为四类，将具有高被引数量长引证路径的专利定义为高影响力专利，对这种专利的知识扩散特征进行分析。［结果/结论］ 研究发现，在专利的全代引证网络中"关键专利""重要专利"和"隐藏的高影响力专利"对专利的扩散影响巨大，全代引证网络中专利的领域变化也体现了知识的流动现象，知识扩散速度可以通过数字直接刻画专利时序网络特点。结合研究结果，对高影响力专利的特点有了更具体的认识，并为高影响力专利的评价提出新的思路。
[Purpose/Significance] Based on all generation citation network of patents, this paper classifies patents and analyzes the characteristics of knowledge extension of high-impact patents, which provides important reference for the understanding and evaluation of patent influence. [Method/Process] Take the patents of Sydney Brenner, a biologist, as an example, to study the patent all-generation citation network generated by its patents and forward citation patents, according to the two factors that play an important role in the diffusion of patents, the number and length of direct citation of patents, the patents could be divided into four categories, the patents with high citation counts and long citation paths were defined as high-impact patents, and the characteristics of knowledge diffusion of this kind of patents were analyzed. [Result/Conclusion] This paper finds that "key patents", "important patents" and "hidden high-impact patents" have a significant impact on the diffusion of patents in all generation citation network of patents, the domain change of patents in all generation citation networks also reflects the flow of knowledge, and the speed of knowledge diffusion can directly describe the characteristics of patent time series networks through numbers. Combined with the research results, we have a more specific understanding of the characteristics of high-impact patents, and put forward new ideas for the evaluation of high-impact patents.
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