[目的/意义] 旨在研究在"无效宣告程序"下仍能胜出的专利特征能否作为识别优质专利的参考依据之一。[方法/过程] 以我国经历无效宣告程序的所有发明专利为研究样本,对胜出专利与败诉专利展开文献计量并进行统计学对比。运用非参检验法中的Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z检验和Mann-Whitney U检验,对样本专利的6项文献计量指标进行差异分析。[结果/结论] 研究发现胜出组相比于败诉组在发明人数量、引用专利数量、专利家族规模这3项指标上表现出显著差异;而在通常更被重视的被引频次指标上却未表现出差异。基于团队冲突理论、创新性破坏理论、专利制度的法理基础,对所发现的胜出专利特征进行归因,认为3项特征的组合可以成为优质专利识别的参考依据。
[Purpose/Significance] This paper is to study the characteristics of patents as a basis for identifying high-quality patents that can still pass the examination under "invalidation procedure". [Method/Process] This paper took all the invention patents that have gone through the invalidation procedure in China as research samples and carried out a statistical comparative study on winning patents and losing patents from the perspective of bibliometrics. The kolmogorov-Smirnov Z test and Mann-Whitney U test in the nonparametric test were used to analyze the differences of 6 bibliometric indexes of the sample patents. [Result/Conclusion] It is found that the number of inventors, the frequency of patent citing and the number of patent family members is significantly higher in the winning group than in the losing group. However, there is no difference between winning and losing patents in cited frequency, which is usually very important. Based on the team conflict theory, innovative destruction theory and the legal basis of patent system, the significant characteristics of the winning patents are discussed, and it is believed that the combination of the three characteristics can be a reference for the identification of high-quality patents.
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