[目的/意义] 学术谱系是科学家成长的摇篮,可以反映学科的形成与发展过程。研究以科学家学术谱系为研究对象,运用计量学方法,建立评价学术谱系的计量指标,并建构学术谱系树模型。[方法/过程] 提出评价科学家学术谱系的计量指标,包括学术谱系的繁衍能力、学术谱系的影响力和学缘关系;在实证方面,以武汉大学马费成教授的学术谱系为例,从3个维度对其学术谱系进行评价。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明,利用研究构建的学术谱系评价指标,可以对科学家的学术谱系进行量化分析,从而揭示学科的繁衍与发展。学术谱系树模型的建立能够更好地对学术谱系的计量指标进行解释与可视化呈现。
[Purpose/Significance] Academic genealogy is the cradle of the growth of scientists, which can reflect the formation and development of disciplines. This research takes the academic genealogy of scientists as the research object, and uses the metrological method to establish the measurement indicators for evaluating the academic genealogy, and construct the model of academic family tree. The rapid development of modern science is not only reflected in the development of science and technology, but also in the cultivation of scientists and academic inheritance. Academic genealogy is a special way of cooperation in scientific research. It is a scholar’s academic family tree, which reflects the academic relationship or academic inheritance of the main members of a certain discipline or academic community. [Method/Process] This study put forward the quantitative indexes to evaluate the academic genealogy of scientists: reproduction capacity of academic genealogy, influence of academic genealogy and academic relationship. In the empirical aspect, taking professor Ma Feicheng’s academic genealogy of Wuhan University as an example, this paper evaluated his academic genealogy from three dimensions. [Result/Conclusion] The research results show that the evaluation index of academic genealogy constructed in this study can be used to quantitatively analyze the academic genealogy of scientists, thus revealing the reproduction and development of disciplines. The establishment of academic family tree can better explain and visualize the measurement indicators of academicgenealogy
[1] 胡其峰. 中国已启动物理学、数学等科学家学术谱系研究[EB/OL].[2022-06-20].https://www.chinanews.com.cn/edu/2011/10-12/3382419.shtml.
[2] 钱翰. 福柯的谱系学究竟何指[J]. 学术研究, 2016(3): 155-159.
[3] 张艳玲. 解读福柯:从"知识考古学"到"系谱学"[J]. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2004(6): 27-31.
[4] BERRY C. The Nobel scientists and the origins of scientific achievement[J]. British journal of sociology, 1981, 32(3): 381-391.
[5] SACHTLEBEN R. Noble Prize winners descended from Liebig[J]. American chemical society journals, 1952 (1): 73-75.
[6] 朱克曼. 科学界的精英——美国的诺贝尔奖金获得者[M]. 周叶谦, 冯世则,译.北京: 商务印书馆, 1979: 102.
[7] 乌云其其格,袁江洋. 谱系与传统:从日本诺贝尔奖获奖谱系看一流科学传统的构建[J]. 自然辩证法研究, 2009, 25(7): 57-63.
[8] RUSSELL T G, SUGIMOTO C R. MPACT family trees: quantifying academic genealogy in library and information science[J]. Journal of education for library and information science, 2009, 50(4): 248-262.
[9] 常欢. 基于文献计量学的科学家学术谱系研究[D].北京: 北京理工大学, 2016.
[10] 王双,赵筱媛,潘云涛,等. 学术谱系视角下的科技人才成长研究——以图灵奖人工智能领域获奖者为例[J]. 情报学报, 2018, 37(12): 1232-1240.
[11] 谢梦,童颖之.跨学科与博士生培养:美国顶尖研究型大学社科类人才培养研究[J].清华大学教育研究,2022,43(1):96-107.
[12] SUGIMOTO C R, RUSSELL T G, MEHO L I, et al. MPACT and citation impact: two sides of the same scholarly coin? [J].Library & information science research, 2008, 30(4): 273-281.
[13] HIRSCH J. An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005,102(46): 16569-16572.
[14] 费孝通. 乡土中国[M]. 北京: 作家出版社, 2019:23-26.
[15] 马莉. 从"学缘结构"看高校人才流动[J]. 中南民族学院学报(人文社会科学版), 2001(2): 124-125.
[16] 侯剑华,耿冰冰,张洋. 中国高校科技人才学缘结构和流动网络研究[J]. 农业图书情报学报, 2021, 33(6): 66-80.
[17] 黄建雄,卢晓梅. 高校教师队伍学缘结构的三重特征及其优化[J]. 江苏高教, 2011(5): 41-43.
[18] 王传毅,俞寅威. F指数:一种改进的学术影响力测量方法[J]. 信息资源管理学报, 2022, 12(4): 24-32.
[19] GROTSCHLA F. Mathematics genealogy[EB/OL].[2022-08-19].https://mathematics-genealogy.de/.
[20] 刘军. 整体网分析讲义:UCINET软件使用指南[M]. 上海: 格致出版社, 2019: 41-43.
[21] 刘俊婉,王瑞,杨波. 基于合作与引文网络的学术谱系职业传承研究[J]. 情报探索, 2021(5): 8-14.
