[目的/意义] 当前全球学术交流模式发生深刻变革，我国正积极探索预印本平台建设路径，需要深入了解和掌握我国科研人员对预印本平台的认知与使用情况。[方法/过程] 面向科研人员（包括研究生）开展问卷调查，调查内容包括科研人员对预印本及预印本平台的认知程度、对预印本平台的功能需求与使用情况、对预印本政策的需求建议3个层面，并从概况、年龄、角色、学科等多个维度对调查结果进行分析。[结果/结论] 我国科研人员对于预印本交流已有一定程度的认知，但总体认知水平不高。不同年龄和学科背景的科研人员使用预印本平台的行为有一定差异，国外预印本平台是目前我国科研人员的首选。我国科研人员普遍认为，制定预印本政策对促进我国预印本交流、预印本平台发展有重要意义。我国预印本平台建设应重视提升青年科研人员认知、关注用户需求差异性、完善平台功能、构建多层级的预印本政策体系。
[Purpose/Significance] The current global scholarly communication mode has undergone profound changes. China is actively exploring the path of preprint server construction. It is necessary to deeply understand and master the cognition and use of preprint server by Chinese researchers. [Method/Process] A questionnaire survey was conducted for national researchers (including postgraduates). The survey content included three aspects: researchers’ awareness of the preprint and preprint server, their functional needs and use of the preprint server, and their needs for preprint policies. The survey results were analyzed from the perspectives of profile, age, role and discipline. [Result/Conclusion] Chinese researchers have a certain degree of cognition about preprint communication, but the overall cognitive level is not high. There are some differences in the behavior of researchers of different ages and academic backgrounds in using the preprint server. At present, foreign preprint servers are the first choice for Chinese researchers. Chinese researchers generally believe that the formulation of preprint policy is of great significance for promoting the exchange of preprint and the development of preprint server in China. The construction of preprint server in China should pay attention to improving the cognition of young researchers, paying attention to the difference of user needs, improving the platform functions, and building a multi-level preprint policy system.
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