图书情报工作

图书情报工作 >

2023 , Vol. 67 >Issue 11: 101 - 114

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2023.11.010

情报研究

大学生信息求证行为模型构建研究

  • 黄崑 ,
  • 王潇雨 ,
  • 胡文瑾 ,
  • 李蕾
展开
  • 北京师范大学政府管理学院 北京 100875
黄崑,教授,博士;胡文瑾,硕士研究生;李蕾,讲师,博士。

收稿日期: 2022-11-11

  修回日期: 2023-03-03

  网络出版日期: 2023-06-19

基金资助

本文系国家自然科学基金项目“探索式检索过程中用户的情感体验及其影响机理研究”（项目编号：71974015）研究成果之一。

收起

Construction of College Students’ Information Verification Behavior Model

  • Huang Kun ,
  • Wang Xiaoyu ,
  • Hu Wenjin ,
  • Li Lei
Expand
  • School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875

Received date: 2022-11-11

  Revised date: 2023-03-03

  Online published: 2023-06-19

Fold

摘要

[目的/意义]探索大学生求证相关的信息需求、求证动机和行为，为提升大学生的信息鉴别意识和能力提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程]随机招募35名大学生进行半结构化访谈，通过内容编码与分析，从求证阶段和用户认知—情感—行为两个维度构建大学生信息求证行为模型。[结果/结论]大学生信息求证主题涉及广泛，主要出于方向性、准确性动机进行求证。从情感上看，求证前期以困惑、怀疑情绪为主，求证中后期伴随不确定性消除情况，以及求证结果与预期差异而产生积极、消极情绪。从认知上看，主要表现为初期的不确定或质疑，求证过程中逐步明确或持续不确定，后期形成证实、部分证实、证伪或者未形成结论等求证结果。从行为上看，求证策略主要包括从信息原始发布源查找线索、从非信息原始发布源的第三方查找线索，以及个人开展一手信息收集进行验证。求证结果主要用于完成现实任务、增进对事物的认知和理解，以及进行社会互动和交流。该模型的提出有助于更深入地了解用户的信息采信过程，为加强信息素养教育、优化辟谣平台提供对策和建议。

关键词： 信息求证; 信息查证; 信息搜寻行为; 大学生

本文引用格式

黄崑 , 王潇雨 , 胡文瑾 , 李蕾 . 大学生信息求证行为模型构建研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2023 , 67(11) : 101 -114 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2023.11.010

Abstract

[Purpose/Significance] The purpose of this article is to explore the information needs, motivations and behaviors of college students’ verification in daily life, so as to provide reference for improving their information identification ability. [Method/Process] 35 college students were randomly recruited for semi-structured interviews. After the coding and analysis of interview data, this paper built the information verification model of college students from two dimensions: verification stage and user’s cognition-emotion-behavior. [Result/Conclusion] The subject of college students’ information verification involves a wide range, mainly for the purpose of directionality or accuracy. In terms of emotion, confusion and doubt are the main emotions in the early stage of verification, and positive and negative emotions are generated with the elimination of uncertainty and the gap between the verification results and expectations in the middle and late stage of verification. In terms of cognition, users feel uncertainty or suspicious in the initial stage of verification. They feel clearer or continuous uncertainty during the process of verification. Then during the final stage, users confirm the uncertain information completely or partially, or disprove the information, or fail to verify the information. In terms of behavior, the main verification strategies include finding clues from the original publishing source of information, finding clues from third-party information that is not the original publishing source of information, and collecting first-hand information for verification by individuals. The results of verification are mainly used for the completion of practical tasks, the enhancement of cognition and understanding of things, and social communication. The proposed model could help to better understand the information adoption process of users, and provide countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening information literacy education and improving rumor dispelling platform.

Key words： information verification; information checking; information seeking behavior; college student

参考文献

[1] 周晓虹.自媒体时代:从传播到互播的转变[J].新闻界, 2011(4):20-22.
[2] PIAN W, CHI J, MA F. The causes, impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 "infodemic": a systematic review using narrative synthesis[J]. Information processing & management, 2021, 58(6):102713.
[3] 刘雅辉,靳小龙,沈华伟,等.社交媒体中的谣言识别研究综述[J].计算机学报, 2018, 41(7):1536-1558.
[4] 中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典[M]. 7版.北京:商务印书馆, 2016.
[5] ELLIS D. A behavioural approach to information retrieval design[J]. Journal of documentation, 1989, 45(3):171-212.
[6] 张薇薇,柏露.开放内容情境下用户信息查证行为的动因机理研究[J].情报资料工作, 2015(5):58-63.
[7] 杨庆国,陈敬良.公共事件中大学生短信谣言传播危机意识调查[J].当代青年研究, 2012(1):66-71.
[8] 邵崇钰,黄志军,温洪亮,等.大学生防范网络诈骗教育初探[J].山东社会科学, 2016(S1):410-411.
[9] FLANAGIN A, METZGER M. Perceptions of Internet information credibility[J]. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, 2000, 77(3):515-540.
[10] 774家机构在微信上联合辟谣,全年拦截谣言8.4万条[EB/OL].[2023-02-07]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1622909232391061480&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[11] METZGER M, FLANAGIN A, ZWARUN L. College student Web use, perceptions of information credibility, and verification behavior[J]. Computers & education, 2003, 41(3):271-290.
[12] THONGMAK M. Comparing intention and behavior:characteristics of valuable information and information verification[C]//2016 IEEE 14th Intl Conf on dependable, autonomic and secure computing, 14th Intl Conf on pervasive intelligence and computing, 2nd Intl Conf on big data intelligence and computing and cyber science and technology congress. Auckland:IEEE, 2016:689-695.
[13] LIM S, SIMON C. Credibility judgment and verification behavior of college students concerning Wikipedia[EB/OL].[2023-02-09]. https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3263.
[14] TORRES R, GERHART N, NEGAHBAN A. Epistemology in the era of fake news:an exploration of information verification behaviors among social networking site users[J]. ACM SIGMIS database:the DATABASE for advances in information systems, 2018, 49(3):78-97.
[15] 张薇薇.网络用户信息查证行为探究[J].情报资料工作, 2013(5):71-76.
[16] RIEH S, DANIELSON D. Credibility:a multidisciplinary framework[J]. Annual review of information science and technology, 2007, 41(1):307-364.
[17] 姜雯,许鑫.在线问答社区信息质量评价研究综述[J].现代图书情报技术, 2014(6):41-50.
[18] 邓胜利,赵海平.国外网络健康信息质量评价:指标、工具及结果研究综述[J].情报资料工作, 2017(1):67-74.
[19] KIOUSIS S. Public trust or mistrust?perceptions of media credibility in the information age[J]. Mass communication & society, 2001, 4(4):381-403.
[20] BATEMAN J. Modeling changes in end user relevance criteria:an information-seeking study[M]. Texas:University of North Texas, 1998.
[21] BATEMAN J. Modeling the importance of end-user relevance criteria[C]//Proceedings of the 62nd annual meeting of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. Washington:Information Today Inc, 1999, 36:396-406.
[22] SUNDAR S. Exploring receivers'criteria for perception of print and online news[J]. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, 1999, 76(2):373-386.
[23] LIU Z. Perceptions of credibility of scholarly information on the Web[J]. Information processing & management, 2004, 40(6):1027-1038.
[24] LIU Z, HUANG X. Evaluating the credibility of scholarly information on the Web:a cross cultural study[J]. The international information & library review, 2005, 37(2):99-106.
[25] AGOSTO D. A model of young people's decision-making in using the Web[J]. Library & information science research, 2002, 24(4):311-341.
[26] AGOSTO D. Bounded rationality and satisficing in young people's Web-based decision making[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002, 53(1):16-27.
[27] DEDEOGLU B. Are information quality and source credibility really important for shared content on social media?the moderating role of gender[J]. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 2019, 31(1):513-534.
[28] KUSUMASONDJAJA S, SHANKA T, MARCHEGIANI C. Credibility of online reviews and initial trust:the roles of reviewer's identity and review valence[J]. Journal of vacation marketing, 2012, 18(3):185-195.
[29] RIEH S. Information quality and cognitive authority in the World Wide Web[M]. New Jersey:Rutgers, 2000.
[30] RIEH S. Judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the web[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2002, 53(2):145-161.
[31] RIEH S, BELKIN N. Understanding judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the WWW[C]//Proceedings of the 61st annual meeting of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. Pittsburgh:Information Today Inc, 1998, 35:279-289.
[32] RIEH S, BELKIN N. Interaction on the Web:scholars'judgment of information quality and cognitive authority[C]//Proceedings of the 63rd annual meeting of the American Society for Information Science. Chicago:Information Today Inc; 1998, 2000, 37:25-38.
[33] AGARWAL N, XU Y, POO D. A context-based investigation into source use by information seekers[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2011, 62(6):1087-1104.
[34] HEAD A, EISENBERG M. How college students use the Web to conduct everyday life research[EB/OL].[2023-02-09]. https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/download/3484/2857.
[35] AGOSTO D, HUGHES‐HASSELL S. Toward a model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers, part 2:empirical model[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2006, 57(11):1418-1426.
[36] TABER C, LODGE M. Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs[J]. American journal of political science, 2006, 50(3):755-769.
[37] WALTER N, EDGERLY S, SAUCIER C. "Trust, then verify": when and why people fact-check partisan information[J]. International journal of communication, 2021, 15:4734-4754.
[38] DECI E, RYAN R. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior[M]. New York:Plenum Press, 1985.
[39] GUAY F, MAGEAU G, VALLERAND R. On the hierarchical structure of self-determined motivation:a test of top-down, bottom-up, reciprocal, and horizontal effects[J]. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 2003, 29(8):992-1004.
[40] GUAY F, VALLERAND R, BLANCHARD C. On the assessment of situational intrinsic and extrinsic motivation:the situational motivation scale (SIMS)[J]. Motivation and emotion, 2000, 24(3):175-213.
[41] TIFFERET S. Verifying online information:development and validation of a self-report scale[J]. Technology in society, 2021, 67:101788.
[42] FALLIS D. On verifying the accuracy of information:philosophical perspectives[J]. Library trends, 2004, 52(3):463-487.
[43] PAYNE S, DUGGAN G. Giving up problem solving[J]. Memory & cognition, 2011, 39(5):902-913.
[44] RYAN R, DECI E. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being[J]. American psychologist, 2000, 55(1):68-78.
[45] RYAN R, DECI E. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations:classic definitions and new directions[J]. Contemporary educational psychology, 2000, 25(1):54-67.
[46] DUBNJAKOVIC A. Information seeking motivation scale development:a self-determination perspective[J]. Journal of documentation, 2017, 73(5):1034-1052.
[47] CHAIKEN S, MAHESWARAN D. Heuristic processing can bias systematic processing:effects of source credibility, argument ambiguity, and task importance on attitude judgment[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1994, 66(3):460-473.
[48] KUHLTHAU C. Inside the search process:information seeking from the user's perspective[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1991, 42(5):361-371.
[49] CHAIKEN S. Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion[J]. Journal of personality and social psychology, 1980, 39(5):752-766.
[50] OH H, LEE H. When do people verify and share health rumors on social media?The effects of message importance, health anxiety, and health literacy[J]. Journal of health communication, 2019, 24(11):837-847.
[51] RIEH S, HILLIGOSS B. College students'credibility judgments in the information-seeking process[EB/OL].[2023-02-08]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71339826.pdf.
[52] ELIZABETH C. On Facebook, health-misinformation'superspreaders'rack up billions of views-report[EB/OL].[2023-02-07]. https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/on-facebookhealth-misinformation-superspreaders-rack-up-billions-of-viewsreport-2020-08.
[53] 今日头条发布2018-2019年度资讯打假报告:拦截谣言超百万篇[EB/OL].[2023-02-07]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1632204978186812843&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[54] SUN Y. Verification upon exposure to COVID-19 misinformation:predictors, outcomes, and the mediating role of verification[J]. Science communication, 2022, 44(3):261-291.
[55] LING R, OPPEGAARD B. This is not a drill:mobile telephony, information verification, and expressive communication during Hawaii's false missile alert[J]. Social media+society, 2021, 7(1):2056305121999661
[56] TAHERI S, TAVOUSI M, MOMENIMOVAHED Z, et al. Explaining the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment during pregnancy:a qualitative study[J]. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021, 21(1):1-11.
[57] MCKENZIE P. Justifying cognitive authority decisions:discursive strategies of information seekers[J]. The library quarterly, 2003, 73(3):261-288.
[58] KUHLTHAU C. The information search process (ISP). a search for meaning rather than answers[J]. Library and information science, 2000(43):35-42.
[59] KUPPENS P, VAN M, SMITS D, et al. The appraisal basis of anger:specificity, necessity and sufficiency of components[J]. Emotion, 2003, 3(3):254-269.
[60] AGRAWAL N, HAN D, DUHACHEK A. Emotional agency appraisals influence responses to preference inconsistent information[J]. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 2013, 120(1):87-97.
[61] CASE D, GIVEN L. Looking for information:a survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior[M]. Bingley:Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016.
[62] FLANAGIN A, METZGER M. The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information[J]. New media & society, 2007, 9(2):319-342.
[63] SHAPIRO I, BRIN C, BÉDARD-BRÛLÉ I, et al. Verification as a strategic ritual:how journalists retrospectively describe processes for ensuring accuracy[J]. Journalism practice, 2013, 7(6):657-673.
[64] BROWNE G, PITTS M, WETHERBE J. Stopping rule use during web-based search[C]//Proceedings of the 38th annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences. Big Island:IEEE, 2005:271b.
[65] BROWNE G, PITTS M. Stopping rule use during information search in design problems[J]. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 2004, 95(2):208-224.
[66] BROWNE G, PITTS M, WETHERBE J. Cognitive stopping rules for terminating information search in online tasks[J]. Mis quarterly, 2007, 31(1):89-104.
[67] ELLSWORTH P. Some reasons to expect universal antecedents of emotion[M]//EKMAN P, DAVIDSON R. In the nature of emotion:fundamental questions, series in affective science. New York:Oxford Univ, 1994:149-154.
[68] ELLSWORTH P, SMITH C. From appraisal to emotion:differences among unpleasant feelings[J]. Motivation and emotion, 1988, 12(3):271-302.
[69] WILSON T. On user studies and information needs[J]. Journal of documentation, 1981, 37(1):3-15.
[70] 彭聃龄,张必隐.认知心理学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社, 2004:3.
[71] MELTON R. The role of positive affect in syllogism performance[J]. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 1995, 21(8):788-794.
[72] GASPER K. Do you see what I see?Affect and visual information processing[J]. Cognition and emotion, 2004, 18(3):405-421.
[73] CHEN S, DUCKWORTH K, CHAIKEN S. Motivated heuristic and systematic processing[J]. Psychological inquiry, 1999, 10(1):44-49.
[74] MARTIN N. Information verification in the age of digital journalism[EB/OL].[2023-02-09]. https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/41373.
[75] International federation of library associations and institutions (IFLA). IFLA statement on digital literacy, 18 August 2017[EB/OL].[2023-02-07]. https://repository.ifla.org/handle/123456789/1283.
[76] 桂罗敏,介凤.数字人文教育需求与图书馆参与模式研究[J].数字图书馆论坛, 2018, 171(8):7-13.
[77] 朱锰钢.国外高校图书馆数字素养教育实践及启示[J].图书馆工作与研究, 2021(8):54-61.
[78] 朱红艳,蒋鑫.国内数字素养研究综述[J].图书馆工作与研究, 2019(8):52-59.
[79] KHALID U, BEG M. Few shot learning for information verification[J]. eprint arXiv:2102.10956, 2021.
[80] LI J, SUJANA Y, KAO H. Exploiting microblog conversation structures to detect rumors[C]//Proceedings of the 28th international conference on computational linguistics. Barcelona:International committee on computational linguistics, 2020:5420-5429.
[81] SCHWEIGER S, OEBERST A, CRESS U. Confirmation bias in web-based search:a randomized online study on the effects of expert information and social tags on information search and evaluation[J]. Journal of medical Internet research, 2014, 16(3):e94.
[82] POPOOLA A, KRASNOSHTAN D, TOTH A, et al. Information verification during natural disasters[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web.New York:Association for Computing Machinery, 2013:1029-1032.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉