[目的/意义] 在学科不断交叉融合的背景下，科研人员变换研究领域开展学术研究愈加普遍。旨在系统性、多维度测度中国科研人员研究领域变动的规律性特征，有助于加深对我国科研人员的研究领域变动现象的理解。[方法/过程] 以中国国家自然科学基金项目负责人（以下简称“NSFC项目负责人”）为研究对象，通过项目申请代码的变动探究NSFC项目负责人研究领域变动的三维特征。[结果/结论] 数据表明，研究领域变动已较为普遍地出现在NSFC项目负责人群体中，且多次调整研究方向也已形成一定规模。研究结果揭示NSFC项目负责人研究领域变动的阶段性、连续性和方向性3方面特征。阶段性方面，超半数的研究领域变动发生在负责人现有科研项目生涯的早期阶段；连续性方面，超过52%的负责人在保持科研项目连续性的同时发生研究领域的变动，也有一定比例的负责人在经历较长时间的科研项目中断后发生研究领域的变动；方向性方面，负责人在不同学部或学科之间的流入与流出呈现出集中与分散、近邻变动、单向与双向3方面的主要特征。研究结果对相关管理者面向有研究领域变动的科研人员有针对性地制定管理和资助措施具有参考借鉴意义。
[Purpose/Significance] In a context of continuous interdisciplinary and disciplinary integration, it is increasingly common for researchers to switch their research fields. The aim of this study is to systematically and multi-dimensionally reveal the regular characteristics of research fields shifts among Chinese researchers, which is important to contribute to a deeper understanding of the research fields shifts of Chinese researchers. [Method/Process] This study took the principal investigators (PIs) of NSFC projects as the research object and investigated the three-dimensional characteristics of research fields shifts among PIs through changes in the disciplinary codes of research project applications. [Result/Conclusion] The results show that there is considerable and already relatively frequent shift in the research fields within the group of PIs, and the practice of shifting research fields multiple times has also reached a certain scale. Meanwhile, results reveal the characteristics of the phase, continuity, and directionality of the PIs’ shift in their research fields. In terms of phase, more than half of the shift in PIs research fields occurs more often in the early stages of their research project careers; In terms of continuity, more than 52% of PIs have experienced shift in their research fields while maintaining the continuity of their research projects, and a certain proportion of PIs have experienced shift in their research fields after a long period of interruption in their research projects; In terms of directionality, the inflow and outflow of PIs between different research fields show three main characteristics: concentration and fragmentation, proximity shift, and unidirectional and bidirectional. The results provide valuable insights for relevant managers to design specific management strategies and funding measures for researchers who have experienced shifts in their research fields.
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