[目的/意义]基于技术—组织—环境（TOE）理论和模糊集定性比较分析法（fsQCA）深入挖掘影响我国科学数据开放平台共享服务能力的关键因素和服务能力提升路径，为平台数据服务实践提供重要参考。[方法/过程]基于TOE理论框架，梳理了我国科学数据平台共享服务存在的主要问题，构建起平台共享服务的TOE理论框架。以我国16个典型的科学数据开放平台为案例样本，采用模糊集定性比较分析法（fsQCA）对影响科学数据开放平台共享服务的技术、组织、环境因素开展组态分析，挖掘影响平台数据共享服务的关键因素和提升路径。[结果/结论]研究结果表明，技术、组织和环境3个维度因素均无法单独构成平台共享服务能力提升的路径，需要三者相互联动、共同作用。科学数据开放平台共享服务能力的提升路径是多元化的，共有3种提升路径（组态模式），即“技术—资源”型、“技术—组织”型和“技术—组织—资源”型。其中技术因素，尤其是平台服务功能完善程度因素在3种提升路径中均发挥着十分重要的作用，而数据组织管理模式和数据来源因素至少在2个路径中发挥着重要作用。
[Purpose/Significance] With technology, organizati on, environment (TOE) theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this paper deeply explores the key factors and improvement paths of sharing service on open scientific data platform in China to provide important reference for the data service practice. [Method/Process] Based on the TOE framework, this paper analyzed the problems of sharing services on scientific data platform in China, and constructed the theory framework for it. Taking 16 typical scientific data open platform in China as samples, fsQCA was adopted to conduct configuration analysis on the technology, organization, and environment factors that affect the sharing services of open scientific data platforms, and to explore the key factors and improvement paths. [Result/Conclusion] The research results indicate that none of the three factors, technology, organization, and environment, can independently promote the improvement of platform shared service capabilities, and they need to be interconnected and work together. There are three types of improvement paths (configuration modes), namely “technology-resource”, “technology-organization” and “technology-organization-resource”. Among them, the factor of platform technology, especially the completeness degree of platform service functions, plays a very important role in the three improvement paths, while the other factors, data organization mode and data source factors, are also important in at least two modes.
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