[Purpose/Significance] Classical Chinese poetry is a valuable heritage of Chinese classical literature. Semantic organization of explicit knowledge (person, time, place, etc.), metaphorical knowledge (objects, emotions, etc.) and cultural schemas used to explain metaphorical cultural context in domain information resources from the perspective of semantic association is important for the connotative transmission and cognitive service of our cultural lineage in the new era. [Method/Process] This paper proposed a model of metaphorical knowledge and its cultural schema organization based on knowledge ontology. It analyzed the conceptual connotation and mechanism of metaphorical knowledge of objects and imagery from the concepts of objects and emotions of poems. It explained the features of poems to summarize the core metadata in order to build a knowledge ontology of poems that integrates explicit and metaphorical concepts. With the explicit and metaphorical knowledge, it set up a knowledge graph of poems and carried out graph analysis. It adopted semantic reasoning to discover the poem metaphorical cultural schema from the graph triad data. Taking the graph data of the cultural schema as the representation features, it explored the knowledge service applications such as cataloging and recommendation of poems from ethnicity and characteristics. [Result/Conclusion] The poetry knowledge ontology in this study can effectively organize knowledge of metaphorical knowledge and its cultural schema from the linguistic and the psychological level, and realizes knowledge mining and data association of poems from the linguistic, semantic, emotional, and metaphorical levels to enhance readers’ perception, understanding, and cognition of cultural connotations in the field of poems.
[1] PEREZ P, ROSA J, ROS S, et al. A bridge too far for artificial intelligence? automatic classification of stanzas in Spanish poetry[J]. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2022, 73(2):258-267.
[2] KAUR J, SAINI J. Punjabi poetry classification:the test of 10 machine learning algorithms[C]//Proceedings of the 9th international conference on machine learning and computing. Singapore:ACM, 2017:1-5
[3] 刘岩斌, 俞士汶, 孙钦善. 古诗研究的计算机支持环境的实现[J]. 中文信息学报, 1997(1):27-36. (LIU Y B, YU S W, SUN Q S. The implementation of a computer-aided environment for ancient poetry researches[J]. Journal of Chinese information processing, 1997(1):27-36.)
[4] 胡韧奋, 诸雨辰. 唐诗题材自动分类研究[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 51(2):262-268. (HU R F, ZHU Y C. Automatic classification of Tang poetry themes[J]. Acta scientiarum naturalium universitatis Pekinensis, 2015, 51(2):262-268.)
[5] MAHMUDI A, VEISI H. Automatic meter classification of Kurdish poems[J]. Plos one, 2023, 18(2):e0280263.
[6] WEI Y, WANG H, ZHAO J, et al. GeLaiGeLai:a visual platform for analysis of classical Chinese poetry based on knowledge graph[C]//2020 IEEE international conference on knowledge graph (ICKG). Nanjing:IEEE, 2020, 513-520.
[7] RICOEUR P. The metaphorical process as cognition, imagination, and feeling[J]. Critical inquiry, 1978, 5(1):143-159.
[8] PRITCHARD R. The effects of cultural schemata on reading processing strategies[J]. Reading research quarterly, 1990, 25(4):273-295.
[9] 刘娟华. 图式理论视角下古诗英译意象传递研究——以杜牧《泊秦淮》两个英译本为例[J]. 山东理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2011, 27(5):65-68. (LIU J H. A study on image transmission in the English translation of ancient poetry from the perspective of schema theory:taking the two English translations of Du Mu's "Bo Qin Huai" as an example[J]. Journal of Shandong University of Technology (social sciences edition), 2011, 27(5):65-68.)
[10] HEYDON G, KIANBAKHT S. Applying cultural linguistics to translation studies:a new model for humour translation[J]. International journal of comparative literature and translation studies, 2020, 8(3):1-11.
[11] 范娟娟. 谈古诗英译之隐喻现象——议许渊冲英译李商隐《无题》[J]. 才智, 2013(4):269. (FAN J J. The metaphorical phenomenon in the English translation of ancient poetry:a discussion on the English translation of Li Shangyin's "Wu Ti" by Xu Yuanchong[J]. Intelligence, 2013(4):269.)
[12] RICE G. On cultural schemata[J]. American ethnologist, 1980, 7(1):152-171.
[13] 李庆明, 郝依宁. 图式理论下的英语具象诗翻译[J]. 长春理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2013, 26(1):132-134. (LI Q M, HAO Y N. Translation of English figurative poetry under schema theory[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology (social sciences edition), 2013, 26(1):132-134.)
[14] CHANG Z. Cultural schemata and poetry reading[J]. Intercultural communication studies, 2008, 17(2):78-90.
[15] 和秀梅, 张夏妮, 张积家, 等. 文化图式影响亲属词语义加工中的空间隐喻——来自汉族人和摩梭人的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2015, 47(5):584-599. (HE X M, ZHANG X N, ZHANG J J, et al. Cultural schema affect the spatial metaphors in the semantic processing of kinship words:the evidence from the Han and the Moso[J]. Acta psychologica sinica, 2015, 47(5):584-599.)
[16] 何琳, 陈雅玲, 孙珂迪. 面向先秦典籍的知识本体构建技术研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2020, 64(7):13-19. (HE L, CHEN Y L, SUN K D. Research on ontology building methods of Chinese ancient books[J]. Library and information service, 2020, 64(7):13-19.)
[17] 王巨川, 高云球. 文化语境与诗人思维——兼谈物象的踪迹与当代历史物象诗创作[J]. 文艺评论, 2015(9):76-81. (WANG J C, GAO Y Q. Cultural context and poet's thinking:an introduction to the trail of objects and contemporary poetry of historical objects[J]. Literature and art criticism, 2015(9):76-81.)
[18] NIZOMOVA S. Images in modern Uzbek poetry[J]. Psychology and education journal, 2021, 58(1):754-758.
[19] TENDAHL M, GIBBS J. Complementary perspectives on metaphor:cognitive linguistics and relevance theory[J]. Journal of pragmatics, 2008, 40(11):1823-1864.
[20] LAKOFF G, JOHNSON M. Metaphors we live by[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 2008.
[21] 张冬瑜, 杨亮, 郑朴琪, 等. 情感隐喻语料库构建与应用[J]. 中国科学:信息科学, 2015, 45(12):1574-1587. (ZHANG D Y, YANG L, ZHENG P Q, et al. Construction and application of affective metaphor corpus[J]. Science in China (information sciences), 2015, 45(12):1574-1587.)
[22] ZHANG W, WANG H. Recognition and analysis of emotional words in ancient Chinese poetry under different themes[J]. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2021, 58(1):548-552.
[23] 张卫, 王昊, 李晓敏, 等. 数字人文视角下古诗意象知识抽取及其文化图式构建研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2022, 66(24):104-117. (ZHANG W, WANG H, LI X M, et al. Knowledge extraction and cultural schema construction of classical poetry imagery from the digital humanities[J]. Library and information service, 2022, 66(24):104-117.)
[24] ZHANG W, WANG H, SONG M, et al. A method of constructing a fine-grained sentiment lexicon for the humanities computing of classical Chinese poetry[J]. Neural computing and applications, 2023, 35(3):2325-2346.
[25] 柳建钰, 周晓文. 计算机辅助古籍版本校勘资源库建设浅议[J]. 图书馆理论与实践, 2017(3):54-58. (LIU J Y, ZHOU X W. Construction of computer aided collation repository of ancient editions[J]. Library theory and practice, 2017(3):54-58.)
[26] 庄子逸. 关于主题法一个两难问题的解题方案——特称词和类称词的组合运用[J]. 图书情报工作, 1998(2):38-40. (ZHUANG Z Y. A solution to the problem in subject headings:the combining application of class heading words and specific heading words[J]. Library and information service, 1998(2):38-40.)
[27] 张卫, 王昊, 邓三鸿, 等. 电子政务领域中文术语层次关系识别研究[J]. 情报学报, 2021, 40(1):62-76. (ZHANG W, WANG H, DENG S H, et al. Research on hierarchy identification of Chinese terms in the field of e-government[J]. Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information, 2021, 40(1):62-76.)
