[目的/意义] 伴随社会数字化转型的深入,数字鸿沟、数字排斥问题日益突出,系统探究公共图书馆在促进数字包容中的角色与国际实践,可为其角色强化与实践优化提供依据和参考,更有效地扶助数字弱势群体和保障数字公平。[方法/过程] 结合文献调研和网站调查,聚焦图书馆电子信息联盟(Electronic Information forLibraries, EIFL)的 18 个公共图书馆数字包容创新项目和美国博物馆与图书馆服务协会(Institute of Museumand Library Services, IMLS)资助的 56 个公共图书馆数字包容实践项目,从项目内容、关注对象、联动模式 3方面归纳国际层面公共图书馆数字包容实践。[结果/结论] 公共图书馆是社区数字资源的提供者、数字连接的保障者、数字素养的培育者。数字包容项目内容包括保障数字资源公平访问、提升数字能力机会均等、增强数字社会建设共同参与;重点关注残障人士、年轻人和儿童、老年人、妇女和农民等群体的需求;形成一馆主导垂直模式、多元协同横向模式、全民参与网状模式。在此基础上可从数字信任、数字公平、数字韧性、数字治理 4 个维度拓展和保障公共图书馆数字包容实施。
[Purpose/Significance] With the digital transformation of society, digital divide and digital exclusion have become increasingly prominent. A systematic exploration of the role and international practices of public libraries in digital inclusion can provide basis and reference for their importance and practical optimization, and more effectively support digital vulnerable groups and ensure digital equality.[Method/Process] With literature research and website surveys, this study focused on 18 public library digital inclusion innovation awards from the EIFL and 56 public library digital inclusion practice projects funded by IMLS. It summarized the international practices from three aspects:project content, target audiences, and joint action modes.[Result/Conclusion] Public library is the provider of community digital resources, the guarantor of digital connectivity, and the cultivator of digital literacy. The digital inclusion project includes ensuring fair access to digital resources, enhancing equal opportunities for digital capabilities, and enhancing joint participation in the construction of digital society. It focuses on the digital needs of groups such as the disabled, young people and children, the elderly, women and peasants, and forms linkage modes such as vertical model led by a single library, horizontal model of diversified assistance, and network model of public participation. On this basis, it proposes to expand the implementation path of digital inclusion in public libraries from four dimensions:digital trust, digital equity, digital resilience, and digital governance, in order to enhance the inclusiveness of digital society.
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