[目的/意义] 总结美国 OSTP 国家 OA 政策的主要内容，分析新版国家 OA 政策的落地实施机制，研判美国政府对 OA 的战略认识及政策主张，提出对我国的启示和建议。[方法/过程] 依托美国 OSTP 发布的国家 OA 政策文本，从政策内容和实施机制对美国国家 OA 政策进行深入考察和系统分析，并结合 OSTP 向国会提交的研究报告与实践进展，研判美国政府对开放获取的战略认识及政策主张。[结果/结论] 美国已将开放获取上升到国家战略的高度，正全面推进新版国家 OA 政策的落地实施。我国也应重新审视国家 OA 政策制定的重要意义，明确我国在开放获取上的政策主张，进行科学合理的政策内容设计，加快推动我国国家 OA 政策的出台，并建立相关配套措施以促进政策落地。
[Purpose/Significance] This paper summarizes the main contents of the U.S. OSTP national OA policy, analyzes the implementation mechanism of the new version of the national OA policy in the United States, judges the strategy understanding and policy propositions of the United States regarding OA, and proposes enlightenment and suggestions for China. [Method/Process] Utilizing the National Open Access Policy documents issued by the U.S. OSTP, this study conducted a comprehensive examination and systematic analysis of the U.S. National Open Access Policy, focusing on its policy content and implementation mechanisms. Additionally, it incorporated the research reports submitted to Congress by the OSTP and recent practical developments to evaluate the U.S. government’s strategy understanding and policy propositions regarding open access. [Result/Conclusion] The United States has elevated open access to the level of national strategy and comprehensively promoted the implementation of the new version of the national open access policy. China should also re-examine the significance of formulating its national open access strategy, clarify its policy proposals on open access, design scientific reasonable policy content, accelerate the introduction of open access policies, and establish relevant supporting measures to promote policy implementation.
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