图书情报工作

图书情报工作 >

2025 , Vol. 69 >Issue 9: 37 - 48

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2025.09.004

研究论文

诺奖科学家流动的影响因素探析——基于扎根理论与生命历程视角的分析

  • 阮伟南 ,
  • 张志强
展开
  • 1 中国科学院成都文献情报中心, 成都 610299;
    2 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院信息资源管理系, 北京 100190
阮伟南，博士研究生；张志强，研究员，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：zhangzq@clas.ac.cn。

收稿日期: 2024-06-03

  修回日期: 2024-07-31

  网络出版日期: 2025-04-22

基金资助

本文系中国科学技术协会发展战略部项目“国际科技政策趋势跟踪研究”（项目编号：CG20240517049）研究成果之一。

收起

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Nobel Laureates Mobility:Based on Grounded Theory and Life Course Perspective

  • Ruan Weinan ,
  • Zhang Zhiqiang
Expand
  • 1 National Science Library (Chengdu), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041;
    2 Department of Information Resources Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
Ruan Weinan, doctoral candidate; Zhang Zhiqiang, researcher, doctoral supervisor, corresponding author, E-mail: zhangzq@clas.ac.cn.

Received date: 2024-06-03

  Revised date: 2024-07-31

  Online published: 2025-04-22

Supported by

This work is supported by the project of Development Strategy Department of China Association for Science and Technology “International Science and Technology Policy Trend Tracking Research”(Grant No.CG20240517049).

Fold

摘要

[目的/意义] 随着我国科技实力和国际形象的快速提升，大国之间的科技竞争无疑将成为我国建设世界科技强国进程中不可避免的常态化挑战，而科学家是推动国家竞争力发展的最强内生力量。[方法/过程] 基于自然科学领域诺贝尔科学奖获奖科学家的传记等质性资料，运用扎根理论方法，以生命历程视角研究顶尖科学家流动的影响因素，全面系统地揭示影响科学家流动的关键要素与影响路径。[结果/结论] 科研需求、知识环境、经济需求和国家局势是影响科学家流动的外部因素；家庭生活和个人因素是影响科学家流动的内部因素；外因和内因可以通过直接路径影响科学家的流动意愿，外因还能通过间接路径影响科学家的流动意愿；以科学家获得诺奖时是否隶属于出生国为依据，划分的流失组和非流失组科学家之间的流动影响因素存在一定差异；最后，从科技投入、创新文化、考核制度、社会保障、情感认同5个方面得到启示、提出建议。

关键词： 诺奖科学家; 科学家流动; 影响因素; 扎根理论; 生命历程

本文引用格式

阮伟南 , 张志强 . 诺奖科学家流动的影响因素探析——基于扎根理论与生命历程视角的分析[J]. 图书情报工作, 2025 , 69(9) : 37 -48 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2025.09.004

Abstract

[Purpose/Significance] With China’s rapid advancement in scientific and technological capabilities and growth of global influence, competition in science and technology among major countries will undoubtedly become an inevitable and constant challenge in China’s scientific and technological progress. Scientists are the strongest endogenous force to promote the development of national competitiveness. [Method/Process] Based on the biographies and other qualitative materials of Nobel laureates in the natural sciences, this paper adopted the grounded theory and a life course perspective to study the factors influencing top scientists mobility. It comprehensively and systematically revealed the key factors and the mobility path. [Result/Conclusion] External factors influencing scientists’ mobility include research demand, knowledge environment, economic demand and international situation. Internal factors include family life and personal factors. Both external and internal factors can affect the flow intention of scientists through direct paths, and external factors can also affect scientists’ choices through indirect paths. Based on scientists’ country of birth at the time of the award, factors influencing their mobility differ between the loss group and the non-loss group. Finally, this paper obtains implications and puts forward suggestions from five aspects: investment in science and technology, innovation culture, assessment system, social security and emotional identification.

Key words： Nobel laureates; mobility of scientist; influencing factors; grounded theory; course of life

参考文献

[1] 魏春丽, 赵镇岳, 艾文华, 等.科研人员的流动模式及其影响因素研究[J].图书情报知识, 2020(2): 16-23.(WEI C L, ZHAO Z Y, AI W H, et al.Research on the flow mode of researchers and its influencing factors[J].Library, information and knowledge, 2020(2): 16-23.)
[2] 徐倪妮, 郭俊华.科学家流动的宏观影响因素研究[J].科学学研究, 2019, 37(3): 414-421, 461.(XU N N, GUO J H.Research on the macro-influencing factors of scientist mobility [J].Studies in science of science, 2019, 37(3): 414-421, 461.)
[3] 周建中, 施云燕.我国科研人员跨国流动的影响因素与问题研究[J].科学学研究, 2017, 35(2): 247-254.(ZHOU J Z, SHI Y Y.Research on influencing factors and problems of transnational mobility of Chinese researchers[J].Studies in science of science, 2017, 35(2): 247-254.)
[4] 王培龙, 邢丽敏, 卢全莹.经济学与管理学人才职业成长影响因素分析——基于我国西部重点高校教授履历调查数据[J].科学学研究, 2024, 42(12): 2545-2554, 2688.(WANG P L, XING L M, LU Q Y.Analysis on the influencing factors of career growth of talents in economics and management: based on the survey data of professors in key universities in western China[J].Studies in science of science, 2024, 42(12): 2545-2554, 2688.)
[5] 孙康, 司月芳.创新型人才流动的空间结构与影响因素——基于高被引华人科学家履历分析[J].地理学报, 2022, 77(8): 2113-2130.(SUN K, SI Y F.Spatial structure and influencing factors of innovative talent flow: based on the experience of highly cited Chinese scientists[J].Acta geographica sinica, 2022, 77(8): 2113-2130.)
[6] GOMEZ C J, HERMAN A C, PARIGI P.Moving more, but closer: mapping the growing regionalization of global scientific mobility using ORCID[J].Journal of informetrics, 2020, 14(3): 101044.
[7] BHUGRA D.Migration and depression[J].Acta psychiatrica scandinavica supplementum, 2003, 108(s418): 67-72.
[8] SHIN J C, JUNG J.Academics job satisfaction and job stress across countries in the changing academic environments[J].Higher education, 2014, 67(5): 603-620.
[9] GILL S.The homecoming: an investigation into the effect that studying overseas had on Chinese postgraduates’ life and work on their return to China[J].Compare: a journal of comparative and international education, 2010, 40(3): 359-376.
[10] RODNY A N.Cognitive-institutional and subject-disciplinary mobility of the Russian natural scientists in the XVIII-the first half of the XIX centuries[J].Sociologia nauki I tehnologij-sociology of science & technology, 2017, 8(1): 28-43.
[11] DORIA ARRIETA O A, PAMMOLLI F, PETERSEN A M.Quantifying the negative impact of brain drain on the integration of European science[J].Science advances, 2017, 3(4): e1602232.
[12] ACKERS L.Moving people and knowledge: scientific mobility in the European Union[J].International migration, 2005, 43(5): 99-131.
[13] FERNANDEZ-ZUBIETA A, GEUNA A, LAWSON C.Productivity pay-offs from academic mobility: should I stay or should I go?[J].Industrial and corporate change, 2015, 25(1): 91-114.
[14] SCHIERMEIER Q.Europe is a top destination for many researchers[J].Nature, 2019, 569(7757): 589-591.
[15] DAVIES S, ZARIFA D.The stratification of universities: structural inequality in Canada and the United States[J].Research in social stratification and mobility, 2012, 30(2): 143-158.
[16] STEPHAN P, LEVIN S.Foreign scholars in U.S.science: contributions and costs[R].Georgia State University: Cornell Higher Education Research Institute, 2003:1-30.
[17] SCELLATO G, FRANZONI C, STEPHAN P.Migrant scientists and international networks[J].Research policy, 2015, 44(1): 108-120.
[18] GIBSON J, MCKENZIE D.The microeconomic determinants of emigration and return migration of the best and brightest: evidence from the Pacific[J].Journal of development economics, 2011, 95(1): 18-29.
[19] FREEMAN R B.Does globalization of the scientific/engineering workforce threaten US economic leadership?[J].Innovation policy and the economy, 2006, 6(6): 123-158.
[20] AZOULAY P, GANGULI I, ZIVIN J G.The mobility of elite life scientists: professional and personal determinants[J].Research policy, 2017, 46(3): 573-590.
[21] GUTH J, GILL B.Motivations in east-west doctoral mobility: revisiting the question of brain drain[J].Journal of ethnic and migration studies, 2008, 34(5): 825-841.
[22] CA?IBANO C, OTAMENDI F J, SOLíS F.International temporary mobility of researchers: a cross-discipline study[J].Scientometrics, 2011, 89(2): 653-675.
[23] ALBARRáN P, CARRASCO R, RUIZ-CASTILLO J.Geographic mobility and research productivity in a selection of top world economics departments[J].Scientometrics, 2017, 111(1): 241-265.
[24] GONZáLEZ RAMOS A M, BOSCH N V.International mobility of women in science and technology careers: shaping plans for personal and professional purposes[J].Gender, place & culture, 2013, 20(5): 613-629.
[25] SIMPSON W.Starting even? Job mobility and the wage gap between young single males and females[J].Applied economics, 1990, 22(6): 723-737.
[26] 张现民.《羁绊与归来：钱学森回国历程(1950-1955)》[M].北京: 中共党史出版社, 2019.(ZHANG X M.Fetter and return: Qian Xuesen's return to China (1950-1955)[M].Beijing: CPC History Press, 2019.)
[27] CAPUANO S.The south-north mobility of Italian college graduates.An empirical analysis[J].European sociological review, 2012, 28(4): 538-549.
[28] GROGGER J, HANSON G H.Income maximization and the selection and sorting of international migrants[J].Journal of development economics, 2011, 95(1): 42-57.
[29] FRANZONI C, SCELLATO G, STEPHAN P.Foreign-born scientists: mobility patterns for 16 countries[J].Nature biotechnology, 2012, 30(12): 1250-1253.
[30] 李工真.对纳粹暴政与德意志历史最早的反思——德国流亡社会科学家与纳粹主义研究[J].世界历史, 2011(3): 55-65, 158-159.(LI G Z.Reflections on Nazi Tyranny and the earliest German history: a study of German social scientists in Exile and Nazism[J].World history, 2011(3): 55-65, 158-159.)
[31] COHEN-GOLDNER S, PASERMAN M D.The dynamic impact of immigration on natives’ labor market outcomes: evidence from Israel[J].European economic review, 2011, 55(8): 1027-1045.
[32] BORJAS G J, DORAN K B.The collapse of the soviet union and the productivity of american mathematicians[J].Quarterly journal of economics, 2012, 127(3): 1143-1203.
[33] CLARK W A V, DAVIES WITHERS S.Changing jobs and changing houses: mobility outcomes of employment transitions[J].Journal of regional science, 1999, 39(4): 653-673.
[34] COURGEAU D.Interaction between spatial mobility, family and career life-cycle: a French survey[J].European sociological review, 1985, 1(2): 139-162.
[35] AZOULAY P, GRAFF ZIVIN J S, WANG J.Superstar extinction[J].The quarterly journal of economics, 2010, 125(2): 549-589.
[36] GROYSBERG B, LEE L E.Hiring stars and their colleagues: exploration and exploitation in professional service firms[J].Organization science, 2009, 20(4): 740-758.
[37] TEFERRA D.Brain circulation: unparalleled opportunities, underlying challenges, and outmoded presumptions[J].Journal of studies in international education, 2005(3): 229-250.
[38] BHAGWATI J, HAMADA K.The brain drain, international integration of markets for professionals and unemployment: a theoretical analysis[J].Journal of development economics, 1974, 1(1): 19-42.
[39] AKSNES D W, R?RSTAD K, PIRO F N.Are mobile researchers more productive and cited than non-mobile researchers? A large-scale study of Norwegian scientists[J].Research evaluation, 2013, 22(4): 215-223.
[40] DE FILIPPO D, CASADO E S, GóMEZ I.Quantitative and qualitative approaches to the study of mobility and scientific performance: a case study of a Spanish university[J].Research evaluation, 2009, 18(3): 191-200.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉