图书情报工作

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2025 , Vol. 69 >Issue 17: 84 - 104

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2025.17.008

研究论文

数据跨境流动风险要素识别及评估研究

  • 陈媛媛 ,
  • 张莉 ,
  • 马海群
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  • 黑龙江大学信息管理学院 哈尔滨 150080
陈媛媛，教授，博士，硕士生导师，E-mail：skyyuanyuan0451@126.com；张莉，硕士研究生；马海群，教授，博士，博士生导师。

收稿日期: 2025-01-13

  修回日期: 2025-03-11

  网络出版日期: 2025-08-20

基金资助

本文系国家社会科学基金项目“数据要素市场利益相关主体的价值共创路径研究”（项目编号：23BTQ091）和黑龙江大学学位与研究生教育教学改革项目“数智赋能下面向研究生创新培养的高校智慧图书馆建设”（项目编号：JGXM_YJS_2022036）研究成果之一。

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Identification and Assessment of Risk Factors in Cross-Border Data Flows

  • Chen Yuanyuan ,
  • Zhang Li ,
  • Ma Haiqun
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  • School of Information Management, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
Chen Yuanyuan, Professor, PhD, Master’s Supervisor, E-mail: skyyuanyuan0451@126.com; Zhang Li, Master’s Candidate; Ma Haiqun, Professor, PhD, Doctoral Supervisor.

Received date: 2025-01-13

  Revised date: 2025-03-11

  Online published: 2025-08-20

Supported by

This paper is one of the research outcomes of the National Social Science Foundation of China project “Value Co-creation Paths among Stakeholders in the Data-Factor Market” (Grant No. 23BTQ091), and of the Heilongjiang University Graduate Education Teaching-Reform project “Smart University Library Construction Empowered by Digital Intelligence for Innovative Postgraduate Training” (Grant No. JGXM_YJS_2022036).

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摘要

[目的/意义] 立足发展与安全，推动中国特色数据跨境流动管理制度体系建设。研究数据跨境流动风险要素及其置信度，能够进一步加强数据安全管理，确保数据能够在安全前提下实现有序自由流动。[方法/过程] 融合政策文本分析（覆盖《数据安全法》等6部法规）、理论框架解构与德尔菲专家共识验证，构建包含35项风险要素的自适应领结模型（ABT），并将其转化为Petri网进行动态风险评估。为保障评估过程中专家判断的准确性及降低评价的主观性，将三角隶属函数和改进的区域中心法相结合，计算隶属函数曲线包围的区域中心横坐标，把置信区间转换为置信度。[结果/结论] 分析结果表明：数据处理者所提交的材料不真实、故意提交虚假材料和出境数据的规模、种类、敏感程度不合理是威胁和预防屏障中发生概率较高的要素；责任追究制度不严格和惩罚力度较弱是检测措施失效和控制措施失效中最为显著的造成缓解屏障失效的主因。基于评估结果，构建数据跨境风险规避策略体系，包括：推动数据跨境流动的规范化建设与国际协作；强化数据分级分类管理，并建立跨境数据监督机构；完善评估机制，明确监管与惩戒措施。

关键词： 数据跨境流动; 风险要素; 自适应领结; Petri网

本文引用格式

陈媛媛 , 张莉 , 马海群 . 数据跨境流动风险要素识别及评估研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2025 , 69(17) : 84 -104 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2025.17.008

Abstract

[Purpose/Significance] Based on development and security, this study aims to promote the construction of a Chinese data cross-border flow management system. By examining the risk factors and confidence levels of data cross-border flow, it seeks to strengthen data security management and ensure the orderly and free flow of data under safe conditions. [Method/Process] This study integrated policy text analysis (covering six regulations including the Data Security Law), theoretical framework deconstruction, and Delphi expert consensus validation to construct an adaptive bow-tie (ABT) model comprising 35 risk elements. The model was subsequently transformed into a Petri net for dynamic risk assessment. To ensure the accuracy of expert judgments and reduce subjectivity during evaluation, a triangular membership function was combined with an improved regional center method. This approach calculated the horizontal coordinate of the regional center enclosed by membership function curves, converting confidence intervals into quantifiable confidence levels. [Result/Conclusion] The study finds that the submission of false or incomplete materials by data processors, as well as unreasonable scale, type, and sensitivity of data being exported, are factors with a higher probability of occurrence in the threat and prevention barriers. In the detection and control measures, weak accountability mechanisms and insufficient punishment are the main causes of the failure of mitigation barriers. Finally, based on the assessment results, a risk avoidance strategy system for data cross-border flow is proposed, including: promoting the standardization of data cross-border flow and international cooperation, strengthening graded and classified data management, establishing cross-border data supervision agencies, and improving the assessment mechanism with clear regulatory and punitive measures.

Key words： cross-border data flow; risk factors; adaptive bow-tie; Petri net

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