[Purpose/Significance] “Data regulations” in China are one of the key supportive policies to ensure the effective implementation of the data element strategy. Analyzing the subjects, objects, and actions of the data regulations facilitates a deeper understanding of the policy’s stakeholders, a precise definition of the policy’s target objects, an interpretation of the main actions of both subjects and objects, and a comprehensive examination of the policy’s content structure. The institutional responses of the data regulations to the practical needs of market-oriented allocation of data elements can enhance the systematic and profound understanding of the data regulations. [Method/Process] According to data resources, data circulation, data application, data security, data rights and protection, and regional cooperation, 16 relevant data regulations samples were screened. A total of 728 regulations were excerpted and manually coded on grounded theory method. [Result/Conclusion] The six major sections of local data regulations in China form a comprehensive policy system covering the entire lifecycle of data element marketization. The subjects of the regulations are divided into four categories and 86 types, including administrative entities, market entities, social institutions/organizations, and other entities in various fields. It covers all the stakeholders involved in the realization of the value of data elements. The objects are divided into seven categories and 40 types, including data, mechanisms, systems, platforms/systems, basis support, regulations and standards, and market objects. Detailing the objects of data elements provides an institutional basis for resolving the issue of ambiguous data ownership. Data market actions include 24 types, such as management and supervision of data resource, formulation of policies and standards, personal information protection, data security and risk prevention, and promotion of data sharing and openness. These actions comprehensively cover critical phases of market-oriented allocation of data elements, construct an integrated ecosystem for the data element market.
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