[目的/意义]通过分析数字图书馆导航结构与认知负荷对老年读者数字阅读情感体验和可用性的影响，提出设计优化建议。[方法/过程]针对国家数字图书馆常用功能，采用严格的控制实验法，邀请老年读者在认知负荷大或小两种条件下依次在不同导航结构中完成任务，分别验证导航结构和认知负荷对老年读者阅读体验的影响。[结果/结论]数字图书馆导航结构对老年读者的情感体验、感知的可用性和任务绩效均有显著影响，且认知负荷与导航结构具有交互作用，当两种条件共同作用时，会对读者的情感体验、数字图书馆的阅读绩效施加显著的影响。
[Purpose/significance] This study explored the effects of digital navigation and cognitive load on older readers' user experience, and accordingly proposed the optimization suggestions.[Method/process] Extremely controlled experiment method was used in this study, and older readers were invited to attend the reading experiment under different cognitive load conditions. They were asked to fulfill different tasks commonly used in the digital library by different navigation structures of digital libraries.[Result/conclusion] The results showed that the navigation structure has significant influence on usability. In addition, interaction effect between cognitive load and navigation structure were found. Older readers' affects and task efficiency were significantly influenced by the two factors.
[1] ISO.9241-210:2010.Ergonomics of human system interaction part 210:human centered design for interactive systems[S]. Switzerland:International organization for standardization (ISO), 2010:7-9.
[2] 徐芳, 金小璞. 基于用户体验的数字图书馆用户交互模型构建[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2015, 38(8):115-119.
[3] 周舒, 张岚岚. 云计算改善数字图书馆用户体验初探[J]. 图书馆学研究, 2009(4):28-30.
[4] 徐芳, 戴炜轶. 国内数字图书馆用户交互体验比较实验与分析[J]. 图书馆学研究, 2014(12):18-22.
[5] 顾立平. 基于Web2.0型人的数字图书馆交互界面设计[J]. 图书情报工作, 2008, 52(9):130-133.
[6] 王茜, 张成昱. 清华大学手机图书馆用户体验调研及可用性设计[J]. 图书情报工作, 2013, 57(4):25-31.
[7] NIELSEN J, LEVY J. Measuring usability:preference vs. performance[J]. Communications of the ACM, 1994, 37(4):66-75.
[8] HASSENZAHL M, TRACTINSKY N. User experience-a research agenda[J]. Behavior & information technology, 2006, 25(2):91-97.
[9] HASSENZAHL M, DIEFENBACH S. Needs, affect, and interactive products-facets of user experience[J]. Interacting with computers, 2010, 22(5):353-362.
[10] 操雅琴, 郭伏, 屈庆星. 基于多模式测量的网站用户行为意图预测模型[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 35(11):1669-1672.
[11] 张宁, 李雪. 用户体验服务模式在图书馆中的应用实践——以国家图书馆数字图书馆体验区为例[J]. 图书情报知识, 2017(2):33-41.
[12] 邓胜利, 张敏. 基于用户体验的交互式信息服务模型构建[J]. 中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(1):65-70.
[13] 徐芳. 用户个体差异对数字图书馆交互体验评价的影响研究[J]. 图书馆建设, 2014, (9):56-61.
[14] 郑方奇, 赵宇翔, 朱庆华. 用户体验视角下数字阅读平台人机交互界面的比较研究[J]. 图书馆杂志, 2015, 34(7):50-58.
[15] WU K C. Affective surfing in the visualized interface of a digital library for children[J]. Information processing & management, 2015, 51(4):373-390.
[16] 刘鲁川, 孙凯. 社会化媒体用户的情感体验与满意度关系——以微博为例[J]. 中国图书馆学报, 2015, 41(1):76-91.
[17] 赵杨, 高婷. 移动图书馆APP用户持续使用影响因素实证研究[J]. 情报科学, 2015(6):95-100.
[18] 查先进,张晋朝,严亚兰.微博环境下用户学术信息搜寻行为影响因素研究——信息质量和信源可信度双路径视角[J]. 中国图书馆学报,2015,41(3):71-86.
[19] 刘畅, 赵瑜, 杨帆. 信息检索用户实验设计中时间限制和任务次序的影响研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2015, 59(1):99-105.
[20] 刘佳, 沈旺, 李贺. 信息检索认知模型及认知负荷评价研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2012, 56(24):133-136.
[21] SWELLER J. Cognitive load during problem solving:effects on learning[J]. Cognitive science, 1988, 12(2):257-285.
[22] SWELLER J. Instructional design in technical areas[J]. Australian education review, 1999.
[23] 龚德英. 多媒体学习中认知负荷的优化控制[D]. 重庆:西南大学, 2009.
[24] GARRETT J J. 用户体验要素[M]. 范晓燕,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[25] BERKOWITZ L. Affect, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Handbook of affective sciences[M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2003.
[26] ZAUTRA A J, AFFLECK G G, TENNEN H, et al. Dynamic approaches to emotions and stress in everyday life:bolger and zuckerman reloaded with positive as well as negative affects[J]. Journal of personality, 2005, 73(6):1511-1538.
[27] TELLEGEN A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect:the PANAS scales[J]. Journal of personality & social psychology, 1988, 54(6):1063-70.
[28] BROOKE J. SUS-a quick and dirty usability scale[J]. Usability evaluation in industry, 1996, 189-194.
[29] PASS F, MERRIENBOER J J G. Instructional control of cognitive load in the training of complex cognitive tasks[J]. Educational psychology review,1994,6(4):351-371.
[30] 王翠, 郑春厚. 以用户为中心的数字图书馆用户界面设计研究[J]. 图书馆学研究, 2008(6):11-14.
[31] 李晶, 薛澄岐, 王海燕,等. 均衡时间压力的人机界面信息编码[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2013, 25(7):1022-1028.
[32] MANNIX E A. Process and structure in human decision making[J]. Journal of organizational behavior, 2010, 12(1):81-83.
[33] SALAS E, DRISKELL J E, HUGES S. Introduction:the study of stress and human performance[J]. Driskell j.e. & salas e.stress, 1996(3):1-45.
[34] CASTILLA D, GARCIA P A, MIRALLES I, et al. Effect of Web navigation style in elderly users[J]. Computers in human behavior, 2016(55):909-920.
