[目的/意义] 梳理人文社科专著众筹OA出版的发展现状，分析具有公益性特点的OA出版物和具有商业性特点的众筹出版所引起的冲突，以期对学术专著众筹出版提出有价值的思考。[方法/过程] 从发起者、投资者和众筹平台3个基本要素梳理Open Book Publishers和Knowledge Unlatched的众筹模式，比较异同点，探讨两者在竞争中引起的问题。[结果/结论] 目前，欧美国家的学术专著众筹出版分为高校、众筹商和OA出版社3种模式。Knowledge Unlatched是期望通过对图书馆的优质服务获得收益的众筹商，Open Book Publishers是借助网络开展众筹出版的OA出版社，两者属于商业化大型公司和非营利性OA出版社的竞争关系，在OA出版物的商业化开发、财务公开透明、垄断性的销售模式和审核制度方面值得高度关注。
[Purpose/significance] Sort out the development status of the crowdfunding OA publications in the humanities and social sciences monographs, and discuss the problems caused by public welfare OA publications and crowdfunding business activities, in order to put forward valuable thoughts on the future academic monograph crowdfunding publications.[Method/process] From the three basic elements of initiators, investors and crowdfunding platforms, this paper sorted out the crowdfunding models of Open Book Publishers and Knowledge Unlatched, compared the similarities and differences, and discussed the problems caused by the competition between the two.[Result/conclusion] At present, the publication of academic monograph crowdfunding in European and American countries is roughly divided into three modes:colleges, crowdfunders, and OA publishing houses. Knowledge Unlatched is a crowdfunder who expects to obtain revenue through the high-quality service of the library. Open Book Publishers uses the Internet to conduct crowdfunding publishing OA Press. Both of them belong to the competitive relationship between large commercial companies and non-profit OA Press, and they are worthy of high attention in the commercial development of OA publications, financial transparency, monopoly sales model and audit system.
[1] Open Book Publishers. Open Book Publishers' statement on Knowledge Unlatched and the Open Research Library[EB/OL].[2020-01-06].https://blogs.openbookpublishers.com/open-book-publishers-statement-on-knowledge-unlatched-and-the-open-research-library/.
[2] DODDS F. The future of academic publishing:Revolution or evolution revisited[J]. Learned publishing, 2019, 32(4):345-354.
[3] SARA G, CATHY H, PETER P, et al. The state of open monographs:an analysis of the open access monograph landscape and its integration into the digital scholarly network[EB/OL].[2020-04-25].https://www.digital-science.com/resources/white-papers/the-state-of-open-monographs/.
[4] JANNEKE A. Towards a roadmap for open access monographs a knowledge exchange report[EB/OL].[2020-08-27].https://www.infodocket.com/2019/05/30/new-report-towards-a-roadmap-for-open-access-monographs/.
[5] JOBMANN A, SCHNFELDER N. The transcript OPEN library political science model:a sustainable way into open access for E-Books in the humanities and social sciences[J]. Publications, 2019,7(3):55.
[6] REINSFELDER T L, PIKE C A. Using library funds to support open access publishing through crowdfunding:going beyond article processing charges[J]. Collection management, 2018, 43(7):1-12.
[7] CHRIS B. Crowdfunding for open access[J]. Serials review, 2018,44(2):138-141.
[8] 魏蕊,初景利.国外开放获取图书出版模式研究[J].图书情报工作,2013,57(11):12-18.
[9] 郑雯译,侯壮.国外人文社科学术图书开放出版模式研究[J].图书情报工作,2016,60(11):53-59.
[10] 隗静秋,隗玮.国外开放获取图书出版商业模式研究[J].科技与出版,2016(1):62-66.
[11] 李瑾,盛小平.利益视角下的学术图书开放获取出版模式研究[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(3):39-46.
[12] 朱本军,龙世彤,肖珑,等.图书开放获取模式及整合利用研究[J].大学图书馆学报,2015,33(5):26-31.
[13] 张建中,夏亚梅.Freemium出版:专著开放获取的未来[J].科技与出版,2018(8):118-121.
[14] 魏蕊.OAPEN学术专著开放获取研究与实践进展述评[J].图书情报工作,2017,61(9):135-144.
[15] 宁圣红.学术图书开放获取新模式:Knowledge Unlatched[J].图书馆论坛,2015,35(7):14-20.
[16] 任翔.开放获取能否拯救学术专著出版?[J].出版广角,2013(23):20-22.
[17] 马瑞洁.众筹能否出版?——关于众筹出版的价值反思[J].编辑学刊,2015(3):16-20.
[18] 王慧,徐丽芳.Unglue.it:众筹出版界的理想主义者[J].出版参考,2014(28):19-20.
[19] Open Book Publishers. Introducing data to the Open Access Debate:OBP's business model (Part Three)[EB/OL].[2020-04-01].https://blogs.openbookpublishers.com/introducing-data-to-the-open-access-debate-obps-business-model-part-three/.
[20] Open Book Publishers. The cost of Open Access Books:a publisher writes[EB/OL].[2020-08-28].https://blogs.openbookpublishers.com/the-cost-of-open-access-books-a-publisher-writes/.
[21] LAWSON S, GRAY J. Opening the black box of scholarly communication funding:a public data infrastructure for financial flows in academic publishing[J]. Open library of humanities, 2016(2):1-35.
[22] 杨霞.被误读的学术编辑——兼谈学术编辑的职业特性[J].科技与出版,2018(8):44-47.
[23] MARON N, SCHMELZINGER K, MULHERN C, et al. The costs of publishing monographs:toward a transparent methodology[EB/OL].[2020-05-04].https://sr.ithaka.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/SR_Report_Costs_Publishing_Monographs020516.pdf.
