[目的/意义]近年来频发的"学术丑闻"对我国的科研评议机制提出新的挑战。而在开放科学运动中兴起的注册式研究报告因其独特的同行评议机制，能有效地提高研究过程、评估环节的透明度，减少审稿过程中的出版偏见，确保学术严谨和科研质量，最大程度地减少学术造假行为。对注册式研究报告的同行评议机制现状和特点进行分析，以期为我国同行评议的创新发展和科学完善提供参考。[方法/过程]综合运用网络调研法和内容分析法，从注册式研究报告同行评议机制的评议流程、评议形式、评议效率、评议道德指南、同行评议专家库建设等方面进行分析，探讨注册式研究报告同行评议机制中作者、评议专家、编辑三者之间关系以及相关权利，总结注册式研究报告的同行评议机制的特征。[结果/结论]注册式研究报告同行评议机制创新性特点主要表现在：①审稿流程与标准的优化：注册式研究报告实行两次同行评议的新模式，不再仅以专家主观判断为标准，同时评议专家选择和专家意见处理等流程科学合理；②审稿匿名性和交互性的改进：同行评议的形式多样化，在保持基本的制衡关系中追求最大的灵活性；③审稿效率的提升：并行式的评议信息传递方式、明文化规定和系统化监惩机制促成高效率的同行评议。注册式研究报告同行评议机制的先进性特点主要表现在：①建立严格且细致的评议专家道德规范体系；②重视同行评议专家库的建设，形成完善的评议专家激励机制。
[Purpose/significance] The frequent "academic scandals" in recent years have posed new challenges to my country's scientific research review mechanism. The Registered Report that emerged in the open science movement can effectively improve the transparency of the research process and evaluation process, reduce the publication bias in the review process, and ensure academic rigor and scientific research quality due to its unique peer review mechanism, to put an end to academic fraud. The paper attempts to conduct an in-depth study of the peer review mechanism of registered reports, analyze and summarize its characteristics, in order to provide a reference for the innovative development and scientific improvement of peer review in my country.[Method/process] Comprehensive used of online research methods and content analysis methods to analyze the review process, review form, review efficiency, review ethics guidelines, reviewer expert database construction and other aspects of the registration report peer review. Explored the relationship between authors, reviewers, and editors in the peer review mechanism of registered reports and related rights, and summarized the characteristics of the peer review mechanism of registered reports.[Result/conclusion] The innovative features of the peer-review mechanism of registered research reports are mainly reflected in the following aspects:① The optimization of review process and standards:the new mode of peer-review for registered research is implemented twice, which is no longer only based on subjective judgment of experts, and the process of selection of review experts and treatment of expert opinions is scientific and reasonable;② The improvement of anonymity and interactivity:the diversification of peer review forms and the pursuit of maximum flexibility while maintaining basic checks and balances;③ The improvement of review efficiency:the parallel review information transmission mode, the regulation of Ming culture and the systematic supervision and punishment mechanism contribute to the high efficiency of peer review. The advanced features of the peer-review mechanism of registered research reports are as follows;① It establishes a strict and meticulous moral code system for reviewers;② Pay attention to the construction of the peer review expert database, and form a complete reviewer incentive mechanism.
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