研究论文

人工智能素养的内涵、结构和评价体系

  • 赵益民 ,
  • 彭雪琴 ,
  • 寸国美
展开
  • 1 云南师范大学图书馆 昆明 650500;
    2 云南大学历史与档案学院 昆明 650091
赵益民,馆长助理,研究馆员,博士,E-mail:695040423@qq.com;彭雪琴:硕士研究生;寸国美:硕士研究生。

收稿日期: 2024-07-15

  修回日期: 2025-01-05

  网络出版日期: 2025-06-21

Artificial Intelligence Literacy: Connotation, Framework, and Evaluation System

  • Zhao Yimin ,
  • Peng Xueqin ,
  • Cun Guomei
Expand
  • 1 Library of Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500;
    2 School of History and Archives, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
Zhao Yimin, assistant curator, research librarian, PhD, E-mail: 695040423@qq.com; Peng Xueqin, master candidate; Cun Guomei, master candidate.

Received date: 2024-07-15

  Revised date: 2025-01-05

  Online published: 2025-06-21

摘要

[目的/意义] 为改变人工智能素养的评价缺乏实测研究的现状,针对人工智能素养,梳理其内涵、分析其结构、设计其评价体系,并进行科学性检验,以期为人工智能素养的测量和提升创制一个量化工具。[方法/过程] 首先,梳理、提炼人工智能素养的内涵,明确以人工智能意识、人工智能知识、人工智能能力和人工智能伦理为主要维度的人工智能素养结构框架;进而,依据一定原则设计出包含多层级指标和量表问项的人工智能素养评价体系;最后,对871名高中生开展素养水平实测,采用熵权法确定各级指标的权重,通过统计分析和现状印证,对评价体系进行科学性检验。[结果/结论] 在人工智能素养框架中,人工智能意识是先导、人工智能知识是基础、人工智能能力是核心、人工智能伦理是保障。设计的人工智能素养评价指标的权重具有较高的一致性,测评量表具有较好的信度和效度,评价体系具有显著的合理性。

本文引用格式

赵益民 , 彭雪琴 , 寸国美 . 人工智能素养的内涵、结构和评价体系[J]. 图书情报工作, 2025 , 69(13) : 83 -93 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2025.13.007

Abstract

[Purpose/Significance] Due to the lack of practical research on the evaluation of artificial intelligence literacy, this article sorts out the connotation of artificial intelligence literacy, analyzes its structure, designs and tests the evaluation system, attempting to create a quantitative tool for measuring and improving artificial intelligence literacy. [Method/Process] This article summarized and refined the connotation of artificial intelligence literacy. It proposed that the main dimensions of the structural framework included artificial intelligent consciousness, artificial intelligent knowledge, artificial intelligent ability, and artificial intelligent ethics. Furthermore, it designed an artificial intelligence literacy evaluation system that included multi-level indicators and scale items based on certain principles. Finally, a literacy level measurement was conducted among 871 high school students. It adopted the entropy weight method to determine the weights of various indicators. Through statistical analysis and current verification, it tested the scientific validity of the evaluation system. [Result/Conclusion] In the framework of artificial intelligence literacy, artificial intelligent consciousness is the premise, artificial intelligent knowledge is the foundation, artificial intelligent ability is the core, and artificial intelligent ethics is the guarantee. The weights of the artificial intelligence literacy evaluation indicators designed in this article have high consistency, the evaluation scale has good reliability and validity, and the evaluation system has significant rationality.

参考文献

[1] 张思思. 联合国教科文组织: 所有公民都应具备人工智能素养[J]. 人民教育, 2022(6): 10. (ZHANG S S. UNESCO: all citizens should possess artificial intelligence literacy[J]. People's education, 2022(6): 10.)
[2] 中华人民共和国教育部.承担教育使命共同谋划教育未来: 陈宝生出席国际人工智能与教育会议[EB/OL]. [2025-02-15]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/moe_1485/202012/t20201207_503933.html. (Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Undertaking education mission and jointly planning for the future of education: Chen Baosheng attends international conference on artificial intelligence and education[EB/OL]. [2025-02-15]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/moe_1485/202012/t20201207_503933.html.)
[3] 中华人民共和国科技部.《新一代人工智能伦理规范》发布[EB/OL]. [2025-02-10]. https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html. (Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China. The release of the new generation of ethical standards for artificial intelligence[EB/OL]. [2025-02-10]. https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html.)
[4] 中国自动化学会.AICE青少年人工智能核心素养测评大纲[EB/OL]. [2025-02-15]. https://aice.org.cn/index.php?m=home&c=View&a=index&aid=90. (Chinese Association of Automation. AICE youth artificial intelligence core literacy assessment outline[EB/OL]. [2025-02-15]. https://aice.org.cn/index.php?m=home&c=View&a=index&aid=90.)
[5] AGRE P E. What to read: a biased guide to AI literacy for the beginner[EB/OL]. [2025-02-04]. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/41185/AI_WP_239.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=yhttps://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/41185.
[6] NG D T K, LEUNG J K L, CHU S K W, et al. Conceptualizing AI literacy: an exploratory review[J]. Computers and education: artificial intelligence, 2021, 2:100041.
[7] 黄如花, 石乐怡, 吴应强, 等.全球视野下我国人工智能素养教育内容框架的构建[J]. 图书情报知识, 2024, 41(3): 27-37. (HUANG R H, SHI L Y, WU Y Q, et al. Constructing content framework for artificial intelligence literacy instruction in China from a global perspective[J]. Documentation, information & knowledge, 2024, 41(3): 27-37.)
[8] NG D T K, LEUNG J K L, CHU K W S, et al. AI literacy: definition, teaching, evaluation and ethical issues[J]. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2021, 58(1): 504-509.
[9] SPERLING K, STENBERG C J, MCGRATH C, et al. In search of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in teacher education: a scoping review[J]. Computers and education open, 2024, 6:100169.
[10] 周琼, 徐亚苹, 蔡迎春.高校学生人工智能素养能力现状及影响因素多维分析[J]. 图书情报知识, 2024, 41(3): 38-48. (ZHOU Q, XU Y P, CAI Y C. An examination of AI literacy among university students: current status and multifaceted influencing factors[J]. Documentation, information & knowledge, 2024, 41(3): 38-48.)
[11] LEE I, ALI S, ZHANG H, et al. Developing middle school students' AI literacy[C]//Proceedings of the 52nd ACM technical symposium on computer science education. New York: ACM, 2021: 191-197.
[12] 陈霞. 图书馆员智能素养提升策略研究[J]. 图书馆工作与研究, 2022(10): 47-53. (CHEN X. Research on the promotion strategy of librarian intelligent literacy[J]. Library work and study, 2022(10): 47-53.)
[13] SU J, NG D T K, CHU S K W. Artificial intelligence(AI) literacy in early childhood education: the challenges and opportunities[J]. Computers and education: artificial intelligence, 2023, 4:100124.
[14] CASAL-OTERO L, CATALA A, FERNÁNDEZ-MORANTE C, et al. AI literacy in K-12: a systematic literature review[J]. International journal of STEM education, 2023, 10(1): 29.
[15] 黄闪闪. 从系统哲学看数字思政中的人工智能素养培训[J]. 系统科学学报, 2025(1): 1-6. (HUANG S S. Enhancing artificial intelligence literacy training in digital ideological and political education: from the view of system philosophy[J]. Journal of systems science, 2025(1): 1-6.)
[16] KONG S C, CHEUNG W M Y, TSANG O. Evaluating an artificial intelligence literacy programme for empowering and developing concepts, literacy and ethical awareness in senior secondary students[J]. Education and information technologies, 2023, 28(4): 4703-4724.
[17] KONG S C, CHEUNG M Y W, TSANG O. Developing an artificial intelligence literacy framework: evaluation of a literacy course for senior secondary students using a project-based learning approach[J]. Computers and education: artificial intelligence, 2024, 6:100214.
[18] KONG S C, CHEUNG W M Y, ZHANG G. Evaluating artificial intelligence literacy courses for fostering conceptual learning, literacy and empowerment in university students: refocusing to conceptual building[J]. Computers in human behavior reports, 2022, 7:100223.
[19] ALMATRAFI O, JOHRI A, LEE H. A systematic review of AI literacy conceptualization, constructs, and implementation and assessment efforts (2019-2023)[J]. Computers and education open, 2024, 6:100173.
[20] ZHANG H, PERRY A, LEE I. Developing and validating the artificial intelligence literacy concept inventory: an instrument to assess artificial intelligence literacy among middle school students[J]. International journal of artificial intelligence in education, 2024:1-41.
[21] KONG S C, CHEUNG W M Y, ZHANG G. Evaluating an artificial intelligence literacy programme for developing university students’ conceptual understanding, literacy, empowerment and ethical awareness[J]. Educational technology & society, 2023, 26(1): 16-30.
[22] 郑勤华, 覃梦媛, 李爽. 人机协同时代智能素养的理论模型研究[J]. 复旦教育论坛, 2021, 19(1): 52-59. (ZHENG Q H, QIN M Y, LI S. Study on the theoretical model of artificial intelligence competency in the era of human-machine collaboration[J]. Fudan education forum, 2021, 19(1): 52-59.)
[23] LAUPICHLER M C, ASTER A, RAUPACH T. Delphi study for the development and preliminary validation of an item set for the assessment of non-experts' AI literacy[J]. Computers and education: artificial intelligence, 2023, 4:100126.
[24] KIM S W, LEE Y. The artificial intelligence literacy scale for middle school students[J]. Journal of the Korea society of computer and information, 2022, 27(3): 225-238.
[25] CAROLUS A, KOCH M J, STRAKA S, et al. MAILS-Meta AI literacy scale: development and testing of an AI literacy questionnaire based on well-founded competency models and psychological change-and meta-competencies[J]. Computers in human behavior: artificial humans, 2023, 1(2): 100014.
[26] DURI L, BRIAN M. What is AI literacy: competencies and design considerations[C]//Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2020:1-16.
[27] HEYDER T, POSEGGA O. Extending the foundations of AI literacy[C]//ICIS. Austin: Association for Information Systems, 2021.
[28] CETINDAMAR D, KITTO K, WU M, et al. Explicating AI literacy of employees at digital workplaces[J]. IEEE transactions on engineering management, 2022, 71:810-823.
[29] WANG B, RAU P L P, YUAN T. Measuring user competence in using artificial intelligence: validity and reliability of artificial intelligence literacy scale[J]. Behaviour & information technology, 2023, 9(42): 1324-1337.
[30] 肖新祥.信息素养的理论缘起、内涵及构成要素略论——兼论信息素养教育国际经验[J]. 电化教育研究, 2021, 42(8): 116-121, 128. (XIAO X X. On the theoretical origin, connotation and components of information literacy: also on international experience of information literacy education[J]. e-Education research, 2021, 42(8): 116-121, 128.)
[31] ACRL. Framework for information literacy for higher education[EB/OL]. [2025-02-03]. http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework.
[32] 李贵成, 刘微, 张金刚.信息素养与信息检索教程[M]. 2版.武汉: 华中科技大学出版社, 2021. (LI G C, LIU W, ZHANG J G. Information literacy and information retrieval tutorial[M]. 2nd ed. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science & Technology Press, 2021)
[33] GILSTER P. Digital Literacy[M]. New York: John Wiley& Sons, 1997.
[34] ALA-MUTKA K. Mapping digital competence: towards a conceptual understanding[R]. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011: 29-30.
[35] LAW N, WOO D, TORRE J, et al. A global framework of reference on digital literacy skills for indicator 4.4.2[R]. Montreal: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2018.
[36] 吴瑾, 王宇, 孙鹏, 等.数智时代背景下信息素质教育变革与发展——2023年全国高校信息素质教育研讨会综述[J]. 大学图书馆学报, 2023, 41(6): 56-62. (WU J, WANG Y, SUN P, et al. The transformation and development of information literacy education under the background of digital transformation[J]. Journal of academic libraries, 2023, 41(6): 56-62.)
[37] KANDLHOFER M, STEINBAUER G, HIRSCHMUGL-GAISCH S, et al. Artificial intelligence and computer science in education: from kindergarten to university[C]//2016 IEEE frontiers in education conference(FIE). New York: IEEE, 2016:1-9.
[38] 张银荣, 杨刚, 徐佳艳, 等.人工智能素养模型构建及其实施路径[J]. 现代教育技术, 2022, 32(3): 42-50. (ZHANG Y R, YANG G, XU J Y, et al. The cultivation of AI literacy model and its implementation path[J]. Modern educational technology, 2022, 32(3): 42-50.)
[39] LAUPICHLER M C, ASTER A, HAVERKAMP N, et al. Development of the “scale for the assessment of non-experts’ AI literacy”: an exploratory factor analysis[J]. Computers in human behavior reports, 2023, 12:100-338.
[40] 蔡迎春, 张静蓓, 虞晨琳, 等. 数智时代的人工智能素养: 内涵、框架与实施路径[J]. 中国图书馆学报, 2024, 50(4): 71-84. (CAI Y C, ZHANG J B, YU C L, et al. Artificial intelligence literacy in the digital intelligence era: connotation, framework, and implementation pathways[J]. Journal of library science in China, 2024, 50(4): 71-84.)
[41] 王奕俊, 王英美, 杨悠然. 高等院校人工智能素养教育的内容体系与发展理路[J]. 黑龙江高教研究, 2022, 40(2): 26-31. (WANG Y J, WANG Y M, YANG Y R. The content system and development approach of AI literacy education in colleges and universities[J]. Heilongjiang researches on higher education, 2022, 40(2): 26-31.)
[42] 中央电化教育馆.中小学人工智能技术与工程素养框架[R]. 北京: 中央电化教育馆, 2021. (NCET. Artificial intelligence technology and engineering literacy framework for primary and secondary schools[R]. Benjing: National Center for Educational Technology, 2021.)
[43] 周澍云. 高中生人工智能素养评价指标体系构建研究[D]. 上海:华东师范大学, 2023. (ZHOU S Y. Research on the construction of artificial intelligence literacy evaluation index system for high school students[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2023.)
[44] 王欢. 师范生人工智能素养自评工具开发研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州师范大学, 2021. (WANG H. Research on the development of artificial intelligence literacy self-assessment tool for pre-service teachers[D]. Guizhou: Guizhou Normal University, 2021.)
[45] 邓胜利, 许家辉, 夏苏迪. 数字环境下大学生算法素养评价体系及实证研究[J]. 图书情报工作, 2023, 67(2): 23-32. (DENG S L, XU J H, XIA S D. Evaluation system and empirical research on algorithm literacy of college students in digital environment[J]. Library and information service, 2023, 67(2): 23-32.)
[46] 钟志贤. 面向终身学习: 信息素养的内涵、演进与标准[J]. 中国远程教育, 2013(8): 21-29, 95. (ZHONG Z X. The core of lifelong learning: connotations, evolution and standards of information literacy[J]. Chinese journal of distance education, 2013(8): 21-29, 95.)
[47] 陈凯泉, 何瑶, 仲国强. 人工智能视域下的信息素养内涵转型及AI教育目标定位——兼论基础教育阶段AI课程与教学实施路径[J]. 远程教育杂志, 2018, 36(1): 61-71. (CHEN K Q, HE Y, ZHONG G Q. The transformation of information literacy connotation in artificial intelligence(AI) perspective and target positioning of artificial intelligence(AI) education: also on the implementation path of artificial intelligence course and teaching in basic educate[J]. Journal of distance education, 2018, 36(1): 61-71.)
[48] 侯贺中, 王永固. 人工智能时代中小学生智能素养框架构建及其培养机制探讨[J]. 数字教育, 2020, 6(6): 50-55. (HOU H Z, WANG Y G. A probe into the framework construction and cultivation mechanism of intelligent literacy of primary and secondary school students in the era of artificial intelligence[J]. Digital education, 2020, 6(6): 50-55.)
[49] 王罗那, 王建磐. 人工智能时代需要关注的新素养: 计算思维[J]. 比较教育研究, 2021, 43(3): 24-30, 38. (WANG L N, WANG J P. New literacy for attention in the era of artificial intelligence: computational thinking[J]. International and comparative education, 2021, 43(3): 24-30, 38.)
[50] 钟柏昌, 刘晓凡, 杨明欢.何谓人工智能素养: 本质、构成与评价体系[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2024, 42(1): 71-84. (ZHONG B C, LIU X F, YANG M H. What is artificial intelligence(AI) competency: essence, composition and evaluation systems[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(educational sciences), 2024, 42(1): 71-84.
[51] 陈小平.人工智能伦理体系:基础架构与关键问题[J]. 智能系统学报, 2019, 14(4): 605-610. (CHEN X P. Ethical system of artificial intelligence: infrastructure and key issues[J]. CAAI transactions on intelligent systems, 2019, 14(4): 605-610.)
文章导航

/

〈 〉