图书情报工作

图书情报工作 >

2026 , Vol. 70 >Issue 7: 131 - 146

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2026.07.009

研究论文

突发自然灾害情境下个人信息公共价值与隐私风险的冲突与平衡

  • 耿瑞利 ,
  • 李森涛 ,
  • 贾子康 ,
  • 孙瑜
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  • 1 郑州大学信息管理学院 郑州 450001;
    2 郑州市数据科学研究中心 郑州 450001;
    3 河南省数据治理研究中心 郑州 450001
耿瑞利,副教授,博士,博士生导师;李森涛,博士研究生,通信作者,E-mail:lisentao99@163.com;贾子康,硕士研究生;孙瑜,硕士研究生。

收稿日期: 2025-01-02

  修回日期: 2025-05-16

  网络出版日期: 2026-03-31

基金资助

本文系国家社会科学基金一般项目“突发公共事件衍生数据隐私风险的识别与消减机制研究”（项目编号：22BTQ074）研究成果之一。

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Conflict and Balance Between Public Value and Privacy Risks of Personal Information in the Context of Unexpected Natural Disasters

  • Geng Ruili ,
  • Li Sentao ,
  • Jia Zikang ,
  • Sun Yu
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  • 1 School of Information Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001;
    2 Zhengzhou Data Science Research Center, Zhengzhou 450001;
    3 Data Governance Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001
Huang Kemin, Doctoral Candidate; Qu Jiansheng, Professor, PhD, Corresponding Author, E-mail: qujs@clas.ac.cn; Chen Wenjie, Senior Engineer, Doctoral Candidate.

Received date: 2025-01-02

  Revised date: 2025-05-16

  Online published: 2026-03-31

Supported by

This work is supported by the project of the National Social Science Fund of China, titled “Identification and Mitigation Mechanisms of Privacy Risks Derived from Sudden Public Events” (Grant No. 22BTQ074).

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摘要

[目的/意义] 平衡突发自然灾害事件中个人信息公共价值与隐私风险之间的矛盾张力，对突发事件应急管理过程中的个人信息公开和分级分类保护具有参考意义。[方法/过程] 依据情境完整性理论框架，选取“23·7京津冀特大暴雨”事件的微博数据，首先采用质性分析方法界定突发自然灾害情境下个人信息的类型体系，然后利用情境案例法评估不同类型个人信息所承载的公共价值；其次运用双边界二分式条件价值估值法对不同类型的个人信息隐私风险进行量化测度，并据此构建个人信息分类保护框架。[结果/结论] 不同类型的个人信息呈现显著差异性，公共价值最高的是“详细位置”，最低的是“发型”，隐私风险最高的是“肖像”，而“姓氏”的风险最低；基于测度结果，将个人信息公共价值与隐私风险的对抗分为4种模式：冲突模式I（高公共价值高隐私风险）、冲突模式II（低公共价值高隐私风险）、平衡模式（高公共价值低隐私风险）和其他模式（低公共价值低隐私风险），不同模式彰显个体隐私保护与公共价值需求之间的矛盾，实践中的信息采集公开利用与隐私保护策略应有所不同。研究结论为应急管理下的个人信息利用与分级分类保护工作提供参考。

关键词： 个人信息; 公共价值; 隐私风险; 突发自然灾害; 情境完整性理论

本文引用格式

耿瑞利 , 李森涛 , 贾子康 , 孙瑜 . 突发自然灾害情境下个人信息公共价值与隐私风险的冲突与平衡[J]. 图书情报工作, 2026 , 70(7) : 131 -146 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2026.07.009

Abstract

[Purpose/Significance] Balancing the tension between the public value and privacy risks of personal information in unexpected natural disaster events provides reference significance for the disclosure and hierarchical protection of personal information in the process of emergency management of the events. [Result/Conclusion] Based on the theoretical framework of contextual integrity, Weibo data of the “23-7 Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Heavy Rainstorm” event were selected as an example. Firstly, the qualitative analysis method was used to define the type system of personal information in unexpected natural disaster situations. Then, the contextual case method was used to assess the public value of different types of personal information. Subsequently, the double-boundary dichotomous conditional value valuation method was used to quantitatively measure the privacy risk of different types of personal information, and the framework of personal information classification and protection was constructed accordingly. [Result/Conclusion] Different types of personal information show significant differences. The highest public value is “detailed location”, and the lowest is “hairstyle”. The highest privacy risk is “portrait”, and the risk of “family name” is the lowest. Based on the measurement results, the tension between the public value and privacy risks of personal information is classified into four modes: conflict mode I (high public value and high privacy risk), conflict mode II (low public value and high privacy risk), balance mode (high public value and low privacy risk), and other mode (low public value and low privacy risk). (high public value and low privacy risk) and other modes (low public value and low privacy risk). The different modes highlight the conflict between individual privacy protection and public value needs, and the strategies of information collection, public use and privacy protection in practice should be different. The research findings provide a reference for the use of personal information and hierarchical protection under emergency management.

Key words： personal information; public value; privacy risks; unexpected natural disaster; contextual integrity theory

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