Intelligence Fusion Centers: Research on Practice of Intelligence Sharing in the United States and Its Inspirations

  • Zhang Jianian
Expand
  • Center for the Studies of Information Resources of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072; Educational School of Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000

Received date: 2015-05-30

  Revised date: 2015-06-18

  Online published: 2015-07-05

Abstract

[Purpose/significance] The capabilities and operational performance of intelligence agency could be improved by intelligence fusion. The practice of intelligence fusion centers in the United States provides China with a new constructive viewpoint, and it offers the valuable reference to intelligence fusion in China. [Method/process] By investigating the websites of relevant official agencies and journal articles, this paper combs the concept, roles, history and current situation of intelligence fusion centers, and states their operational processes, building standards and performance evaluation. Then it analyzes the achievements and existing problems of the intelligence fusion centers in the United States. Finally, it expounds the necessity and feasibility of creating the intelligence fusion centers in China. [Result/conclusion] Based on the practice of intelligence fusion center in the United States and combined with the security threat in China, it is important to construct intelligence fusion center in China in response to the challenges of national security, such as separatism-extremism-terrorism, public security, emergency, natural disasters, etc.

Cite this article

Zhang Jianian . Intelligence Fusion Centers: Research on Practice of Intelligence Sharing in the United States and Its Inspirations[J]. Library and Information Service, 2015 , 59(13) : 87 -95 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2015.13.013

References

[1] 习近平:坚持总体国家安全观 走中国特色国家安全道路[EB/OL].[2014-11-21]. http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-04/15/c_1110253910.htm.
[2] Friedman J A, Zeckhauser R. Assessing uncertainty in intelligence[J]. Intelligence and National Security, 2012, 27(6): 824-847.
[3] McConnell M. Overhauling intelligence[J]. Foreign Affairs, 2007,86 (4): 49-58.
[4] Bruijn H D. One fight, one team: The 9/11 commission report on intelligence, fragmentation and information[J]. Public Administration, 2006, 84(2): 267-287.
[5] Wikipedia. Fusion center[EB/OL].[2015-04-06]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_center.
[6] Office of Justice Program. Fusion center guidelines[EB/OL].[2015-04-03]. https://it.ojp.gov/documents/fusion_center_guidelines_law_enforcement.pdf.
[7] Criminal Intelligence Coordinating Council. Fusion Center Guidelines - Developing and sharing information in a new era[EB/OL].[2015-04-03]. https://it.ojp.gov/documents/fusion_center_guidelines_law_enforcement.pdf.
[8] Department of Homeland Security. Fusion centers and emergency operations centers[EB/OL].[2015-04-16]. http://www.dhs.gov/fusion-centers-and-emergency-operations-centers.
[9] Office of Justice Program. Baseline capabilities for state and major urban area fusion centers[EB/OL].[2015-04-03]. https://it.ojp.gov/documents/baselinecapabilitiesa.pdf.
[10] Office of National Drug Control Policy. High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) program[EB/OL].[2015-04-03]. https://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/high-intensity-drug-trafficking-areas-program.
[11] Carter D L, Carter J G. The intelligence fusion process for state, local, and tribal law enforcement[J]. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 2009, 36(12): 1323-1339.
[12] United States Government Accountability Office. Homeland security: Federal efforts are helping alleviate some challenges encountered by state and local fusion centers[R/OL]. [2015-04-16].http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0835.pdf.
[13] Peteritas B. Fusion centers struggle to find their place in the post-9/11 world[EB/OL].[2015-04-31]. http://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/gov-fusion-centers-post-911-world.html.
[14] McCaul M T, King P T. Majority staff report on the National Network of Fusion Centers[EB/OL].[2015-04-31]. http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/documents/CHS%20SLFC%20Report%202013%20FINAL.pdf.
[15] Department of Homeland Security. Fusion center locations and contact information[EB/OL].[2015-04-06]. http://www.dhs.gov/fusion-center-locations-and-contact-information.
[16] Bustria J M, Shenouda E A, McDaniel M C. Functional desks as collaborative mechanisms in the Michigan Intelligence Operations Center[EB/OL].[2015-04-30]. http://www.hsaj.org/pages/supplement/issue2/pdfs/supplement.2.4.pdf.
[17] Department of Homeland Security. Performance measures definitions guide[EB/OL].[2015-04-06]. http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Performance%20Measures%20De finitions%20Guide.pdf.
[18] Information Sharing Environment. National network of state and major urban area fusion centers[EB/OL].[2015-04-03]. http://www.ise.gov/national-network-state-and-major-urban-area-fusion-centers.
[19] Department of Homeland Security. 2014 National Network of Fusion Centers final report [EB/OL].[2015-04-06]. http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2014%20National %20Network%20of%20Fusion%20Centers%20Final%20Report_1.pdf.
[20] Department of Homeland Security. Performance Measures Definitions Guide (PMDG) [EB/OL].[2015-04-06]. http://www.dhs.gov/publication/performance-measures-definitions-guide-pmdg.
[21] Department of Homeland Security. Annual fusion center assessment and gap mitigation activities[EB/OL].[2015-04-06]. http://www.dhs.gov/publication/annual-fusion-center-assessment-and-gap-mitigation-activities.
[22] Delaware Valley fusion center. About DVIC[EB/OL].[2015-04-07]. http://stayalertnow.com/about-dvic.
[23] Department of Homeland Security. Fusion center success stories [EB/OL].[2015-04-07]. http://www.dhs.gov/fusion-center-success-stories.
[24] NATO intelligence fusion centre. NIFC history[EB/OL].[2015-04-08]. http://web.ifc.bices.org/about.htm.
[25] Rittgers D. We're all terrorists now[EB/OL].[2015-04-08]. http://www.cato.org/blog/were-all-terrorists-now.
[26] Taylor R W, Russell A L. The failure of police 'fusion'centers and the concept of a national intelligence sharing plan[J]. Police Practice and Research, 2012, 13(2): 184-200.
[27] Becker A, Schulz G.W. Senate report savages terrorism 'fusion centers' as useless[EB/OL].[2015-04-08]. http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/senate-report-savages-terrorism-fusion-centers-useless-18263.
[28] 马克. 美国情报整合中心的建设与发展[J]. 公安教育, 2014(8):75-78.
[29] 魏永忠. 关于西部跨区域警务协作机制的初步研究[J]. 中国人民公安大学学报, 2004, 20(6):132-137.
[30] 百度百科. 环首都七省区市区域警务合作机制框架协议[EB/OL].[2015-04-08]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/4421194.htm.
[31] Endsley M R. Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems[J]. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 1995, 37(1): 32-64.

Outlines

/