[Purpose/Significance] On the view of archaeological typology, this paper proposes a knowledge representation model suitable for the description of the characteristics of unearthed relics, and the corresponding semantic mapping and ontology expansion methods are proposed on this basis, which may break through the semantic barriers caused by traditional typology methods and promote the sharing and reuse of knowledge. [Method/Process] Firstly, this paper analyzed the semantic barrier caused by the thought and traditional methods of archaeological typology, and presented a targeted archaeological typology knowledge representation strategy; Secondly, combined with the characteristics of archaeological corpus and the logic of typology, and the shape description of unearthed potteries was decomposed according to two dimensions of genus-species relationship and whole-part relationship; Next, the knowledge representation scheme and eigenvector expressions of the parts and varieties of potteries were put forward layer by layer, and then put forward the knowledge representation model of the shape of unearthed potteries; And, based on the knowledge representation model, an ontology extension method of archaeological typology ontology based on conditional equivalence mapping was proposed to realize the construction of semantic association of archaeological typology; Finally, taking two samples from Liuwan Cemetery, Qinghai Province as example, the paper showed the form and process of typological knowledge representation and the visualization effect of ontology graphics. [Result/Conclusion] Taking the shape of potteries as a case, the knowledge representation and semantic association construction of unearthed relics from the perspective of archaeological typology is a new attempt of digital humanities research in the field of archaeology, which can provide technical support for the transformation of typological research from relying on experience to relying on data.