[Purpose/Significance] Policy system serves as a basic institutional guarantee to promote the development of open science. This paper utilizes policy tools to study the characteristics of 94 open science policies initiated by European and American countries and international organizations, aiming to provide reference for China’s open science policymaking. [Method/Process] It explored a three-dimension policy analysis framework of policy tools, research life cycle and policy object, and used text analysis method to analyze policy features of release, content, structure, etc. [Result/Conclusion] Results show an increase in policy releases, diversity in releasing regions and entities, a social dimension presented by policy concerns, higher attention to societal challenges, especially after the COVID-19 outbreak, and that open science will be the hotspot for future global science policies. The open science policy-making in China is still in the early stage, the policy implications based on international experiences include: strengthen top-level design and coordination mechanism, aim at solving problems within the science community and external social problems, optimize the structure of policy tools and take a holistic approach to the open research life cycle, aiming to establish an open science policy system that fits the Chinese scientific community.
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