RESEARCH PAPERS

Research on Patent Similarity Calculation Based on Claim Hierarchy Structure

  • Li Wang ,
  • Ran Congjing ,
  • Wang Fuxin ,
  • Liu Xingshen ,
  • Zhang Yiren ,
  • He Sifan
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  • School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
Li Wang, Doctoral Candidate; Ran Congjing, Professor, PhD, Doctoral Supervisor; Wang Fuxin, Doctoral Candidate; Liu Xingshen, Doctoral Candidate; Zhang Yiren, Doctoral Candidate, Corresponding Author, E-mail: 2021101040057@whu.edu.cn; He Sifan, Doctoral Candidate.

Received date: 2024-11-11

  Revised date: 2025-03-25

  Online published: 2025-11-20

Supported by

This work is supported by the youth project of National Social Science Fund of China, titled “Research on Intelligent Judgment and Recommendation of Patent Quality in Universities Based on Knowledge Meta” (Grant No. 23CTQ028).

Abstract

[Purpose/Significance] With the further advancement of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, intellectual property (IP), as the institutional guarantee for technological innovation, has emerged as a critical strategic domain in international competition. Patent similarity calculation, due to its foundational role in scenarios such as technology roadmap analysis and infringement determination, has become a crucial technical component in patent analytics. Research on algorithm optimization and efficiency enhancement in this field demonstrates significant practical importance. [Method/Process] This study proposed a patent similarity calculation method based on claim hierarchy structure. First, it constructed technical composite sentences to enhance technical information representation. Subsequently, it extracted text features through a BERT model integrating scalar hybrid layers and Adapter plugins. Finally, it designed a feature composition module to achieve segregation and reorganization of hierarchical features. Leveraging the text features extracted by this method, cosine similarity measurement was employed for patent similarity computation, thereby enabling effective identification of similar patents. [Result/Conclusion] This study conducts experiments using quantum computing domain patents as test subjects. The experimental protocol comprises three phases: validation of text feature extraction effectiveness through classification experiments, demonstration of model efficacy via ablation experiments, and verification of the proposed similarity calculation method’s validity through simulated patent similarity identification experiments. Experimental findings demonstrate that: ① Technical composite sentence construction significantly enhances model performance; ② The self-attention mechanism coupled with the enhanced BERT model strengthens feature extraction capability; ③ The lossless feature fusion approach effectively improves representation quality. This research establishes a novel technical pathway for patent analytics and demonstrates practical implications for intellectual property protection.

Cite this article

Li Wang , Ran Congjing , Wang Fuxin , Liu Xingshen , Zhang Yiren , He Sifan . Research on Patent Similarity Calculation Based on Claim Hierarchy Structure[J]. Library and Information Service, 2025 , 69(23) : 84 -98 . DOI: 10.13266/j.issn.0252-3116.2025.23.007

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