[1] SUNDAR S S. Rise of machine agency:a framework for studying the psychology of human-AI interaction (HAII)[J].Journal of computer-mediated communication, 2020, 25(1):74-88.
[2] DUAN Z, LI J, LUKITO J, et al. Algorithmic agents in the hybrid media system:social bots, selective amplification, and partisan news about COVID-19[J]. Human communication research,2022, 48(3):516-542.
[3] SCHMUCK D, von SIKORSKI C. Perceived threats from social bots:the media's role in supporting literacy[J]. Computers in human behavior, 2020, 113:106507.
[4] ASSENMACHER D, CLEVER L, FRISCHLICH L, et al.Demystifying social bots:on the intelligence of automated social media actors[J]. Social media+society, 2020, 6(3):2056305120939264.
[5] KIM J M, HAN J, JIANG S. The impact of comment history disclosure on online comment posting behaviors[J]. Information technology&people, 2023, 36(7):2847-2868.
[6] CAI M, LUO H, MENG X, et al. Network distribution and sentiment interaction:information diffusion mechanisms between social bots and human users on social media[J]. Information processing&management, 2023, 60(2):103197.
[7] SALDIEN J, GORIS K, VANDERBORGHT B, et al. Expressing emotions with the social robot probo[J]. International journal of social robotics, 2010, 2(4):377-389.
[8] NGO T, WISCHNEWSKI M, BERNEMANN R, et al. Spot the bot:investigating user's detection cues for social bots and their willingness to verify Twitter profiles[J]. Computers in human behavior, 2023, 146:107819.
[9] KRÄMER N C, NEUBAUM G, WINTER S, et al. I feel what they say:the effect of social media comments on viewers'affective reactions toward elevating online videos[J]. Media psychology, 2021, 24(3):332-358.
[10] BLUT M, WANG C, WÜNDERLICH N V, et al. Understanding anthropomorphism in service provision:a meta-analysis of physical robots, chatbots, and other AI[J]. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 2021, 49(4):632-658.
[11] MORI M, MACDORMAN K F, KAGEKI N. The uncanny valley[J]. IEEE robotics&automation magazine, 2012, 19(2):98-100.
[12] QIU L, SHIU Y, LIN P, et al. What if bots feel moods?[C]//Proceedings of the 43rd international ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in information retrieval. New York:Association for Computing Machinery, 2020:1161-1170.
[13] BAO A, ZENG Y, LU E. Mitigating emotional risks in humansocial robot interactions through virtual interactive environment indication[J]. Humanities and social sciences communications,2023, 10(1):1-9.
[14] NASS C, STEUER J, TAUBER E R. Computers are social actors[C]//Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. New York:Association for Computing Machinery, 1994:72-78.
[15] 晁晓峰.面向溯源的虚假危机信息传播主体识别与动机叙事方法研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2024, 47(4):114-125,113.(CHAO X F. Research on identification of fraud crisis information disseminators and motivational narrative methods for tracing sources[J]. Information studies:theory&application,2024, 47(4):114-125, 113.)
[16] SHI W, LIU D, Yang J, et al. Social bots'sentiment engagement in health emergencies:a topic-based analysis of the COVID-19pandemic discussions on Twitter[J]. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020, 17(22):8701.
[17] FAN R, XU K, ZHAO J. An agent-based model for emotion contagion and competition in online social media[J]. Physica a:statistical mechanics and its applications, 2018, 495:245-259.
[18] UYHENG J, BELLUTTA D, CARLEY K M. Bots amplify and redirect hate speech in online discourse about racism during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Social media+society, 2022, 8(3):20563051221104749.
[19] LUO H, MENG X, ZHAO Y, et al. Rise of social bots:the impact of social bots on public opinion dynamics in public health emergencies from an information ecology perspective[J].Telematics and informatics, 2023, 85:102051.
[20] DELKHOSH F, GOPAL R D, PATTERSON R A, et al. Impact of bot involvement in an incentivized blockchain-based online social media platform[J]. Journal of management information systems, 2023, 40(3):778-806.
[21] GOLDENBERG A, GROSS J J. Digital emotion contagion[J].Trends in cognitive sciences, 2020, 24(4):316-328.
[22] CHU M, SONG W, ZHAO Z, et al. Emotional contagion on social media and the simulation of intervention strategies after a disaster event:a modeling study[J]. Humanities and social sciences communications, 2024, 11(1):1-15.
[23] PARK G, CHUNG J, LEE S. Scope and limits of AI fundraisers:moderated serial multiple mediation model between artificial emotions and willingness to donate via humanness and empathy[J]. Technological forecasting and social change, 2024,201:123211.
[24] MOORS A, ELLSWORTH P C, SCHERER K R, et al. Appraisal theories of emotion:state of the art and future development[J].Emotion review, 2013, 5(2):119-124.
[25] LUO B, LAU R Y K, LI C. Emotion-regulatory chatbots for enhancing consumer servicing:an interpersonal emotion management approach[J]. Information&management, 2023,60(5):103794.
[26] DAUME S, GALAZ V, BJERSÉR P. Automated framing of climate change?The role of social bots in the twitter climate change discourse during the 2019/2020 Australia Bushfires[J].Social media+society, 2023, 9(2):20563051231168370.
[27] 柳涯妮,李东贤.新产品信息策略对用户在线参与的影响研究:信息不对称的视角[J].南开管理评论, 2023, 26(4):144-157.(LIU Y N, LI D X. The effect of new product message strategy on user online engagement:a perspective of information asymmetry[J]. Nankai business review, 2023, 26(4):144-157.)
[28] BARGER V, PELTIER J W, SCHULTZ D E. Social media and consumer engagement:a review and research agenda[J]. Journal of research in interactive marketing, 2016, 10(4):268-287.
[29] 孙悦,黄微.社交媒体平台用户参与的行为谱与行为层级模型构建[J].图书情报工作, 2022, 66(9):40-52.(SUN Y, HUANG W. Construction of behavior spectrum and behavior hierarchy model of user participation on social media platforms[J]. Library and information service, 2022, 66(9):40-52.)
[30] KHOBZI H, LAU R Y K, CHEUNG T C H. The outcome of online social interactions on Facebook pages:a study of user engagement behavior[J]. Internet research, 2019, 29(1):2-23.
[31] MILLER S, MENARD P, BOURRIE D. I'm not fluent:how linguistic fluency, new media literacy, and personality traits influence fake news engagement behavior on social media[J].Information&management, 2024, 61(2):103912.
[32] SHAHBAZNEZHAD H, DOLAN R, RASHIDIRAD M. The role of social media content format and platform in users'engagement behavior[J]. Journal of interactive marketing, 2021, 53(1):47-65.
[33] JOHNSON B K, ROSENBAUM J E. Sharing brands on social media:the roles of behavioral commitment and modality in identity shift[J]. International journal of consumer studies, 2023,47(3):995-1010.
[34] BRIGHT L F, LIM H S, LOGAN K. "Should I Post or Ghost?": examining how privacy concerns impact social media engagement in US consumers[J]. Psychology&marketing, 2021,38(10):1712-1722.
[35] PENG R X, WANG R Y. The infinity vaccine war:linguistic regularities and audience engagement of vaccine debate on Twitter[J]. Online information review, 2024, 48(1):84-104.
[36] ALDOUS K K, AN J, JANSEN B J. What really matters?Characterizing and predicting user engagement of news postings using multiple platforms, sentiments and topics[J]. Behavior&information technology, 2023, 42(5):545-568.
[37] GERBAUDO P, MAROGNA F, ALZETTA C. When "positive posting" attracts voters:user engagement and emotions in the2017 UK election campaign on Facebook[J]. Social media+society, 2019, 5(4):2056305119881695.
[38] 祝琳琳,李贺,沈旺,等.基于在线评论和管理回复一致性的用户参与行为研究[J].情报学报, 2023, 42(11):1382-1394.(ZHU L L, LI H, SHEN W, et al. User engagement behaviors based on the consistency between online reviews and management responses[J]. Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information, 2023, 42(11):1382-1394.)
[39] JIANG Q, ZHANG Y, PIAN W. Chatbot as an emergency exist:mediated empathy for resilience via human-AI interaction during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Information processing&management, 2022, 59(6):103074.
[40] ZHOU Q, LI B, HAN L, et al. Talking to a bot or a wall?How chatbots vs. human agents affect anticipated communication quality[J]. Computers in human behavior, 2023, 143:107674.
[41] PILLAI R, SIVATHANU B, METRI B, et al. Students'adoption of AI-based teacher-bots (T-bots) for learning in higher education[J]. Information technology&people, 2023(ahead-ofprint).
[42] 新浪微博.评论罗伯特[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://weibo.com/u/5762999670.(Weibo. Comment Robert[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://weibo.com/u/5762999670.)
[43] 游戏动力.微博上的语擦机器人,触发了我的恐怖谷心理[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QXmRsh9m6LJD4_j5faAFsw.(Gaming power. Language bots on Weibo pushed me into the uncanny valley[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/QXmRsh9m6LJD4_j5faAFsw.)
[44] 新浪微博数据中心. 2023年微博热搜趋势报告[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://data.weibo.com/report/reportDetail?id=470&display=0&retcode=6102.(Weibo data center. Weibo hot search trend report 2023[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://data.weibo.com/report/reportDetail?id=470&display=0&retcode=6102.)
[45] 新浪微博数据中心. 2023微博年轻用户发展报告[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://data.weibo.com/report/reportDetail?id=471.(Weibo Data Center. Weibo young user development report2023[EB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://data.weibo.com/report/reportDetail?id=471.)
[46] 王璐,李诗轩,陈烨.基于主题-情感融合分析的新冠疫苗舆情演化研究[J].情报科学, 2024, 42(8):65-75, 95.(WANG L,LI S X, CHEN Y. Public opinion evolution of COVID-19 vaccine based on topic-emotion fusion analysis[J]. Information science,2024, 42(8):65-75, 95.)
[47] XU J, GUO D, XU J, et al. How do multiple actors conduct science communication about omicron on Weibo:a mixed-method study[J]. Media and communication, 2023, 11(1):306-322.
[48] BALAKRISHNAN J, DWIVEDI Y K. Conversational commerce:entering the next stage of AI-powered digital assistants[J]. Annals of operations research, 2024, 333(2):653-687.
[49] MOUSSAWI S, KOUFARIS M, BENBUNAN-FICH R. How perceptions of intelligence and anthropomorphism affect adoption of personal intelligent agents[J]. Electronic markets, 2021, 31(2):343-364.
[50] CHRISTOFORAKOS L, DIEFENBACH S. Technology as a social companion?An exploration of individual and productrelated factors of anthropomorphism[J]. Social science computer review, 2023, 41(3):1039-1062.
[51] ARAPAKIS I, LALMAS M, CAMBAZOGLU B B, et al. User engagement in online news:under the scope of sentiment,interest, affect, and gaze[J]. Journal of the association for information science and technology, 2014, 65(10):1988-2005.
[52] O'BRIEN H L, ARGUELLO J, CAPRA R. An empirical study of interest, task complexity, and search behavior on user engagement[J]. Information processing&management, 2020,57(3):102226.
[53] 王孝盼,张淼,吴懿,等.社交媒体中健康信息可信度的影响因素研究:先验知识的调节作用[J].信息资源管理学报, 2024, 14(1):55-67.(WANG X P, ZHANG M, WU Y, et al. Exploring the antecedents of health information credibility at social media platforms:the moderating role of prior knowledge[J]. Journal of information resources management,2024, 14(1):55-67.)
[54] FANG W, NIE C. Social media use, social bot literacy, perceived threats from bots, and perceived bot control:a moderatedmediation model[J]. Behavior&information technology, 2024,43(13):3271-3287.
[55] GAMBLE A, GÄRLING T. The relationships between life satisfaction, happiness, and current mood[J]. Journal of happiness studies, 2012, 13(1):31-45.
[56] CHAPMAN D W, CARTER J F. Translation procedures for the cross cultural use of measurement instruments[J]. Educational evaluation and policy analysis, 1979, 1(3):71-76.
[57] 简予繁,黄玉波.人智互动:替代还是增强了人际互动?--角色理论视角下关于社交机器人的控制实验[J].新闻大学, 2023(4):75-90, 122.(JIAN Y F, HUANG Y B. Does human-computer interaction replace or enhance interpersonal interaction?Experiments on social robot from the perspective of role theory[J]. Journalism research, 2023(4):75-90, 122.)
[58] 国家统计局.国家数据[DB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01&zb=A0M0203&sj=2023.(Natio nal Bureau of Statistics. National data[DB/OL].[2025-08-01]. https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=C01&zb=A0M0203&sj=2023.)
[59] 卫旭华,汪光炜,陈义.国内管理心理实验中的操纵检验:现状、问题与建议[J].心理科学进展, 2022, 30(6):1367-1376.(WEI X H, WANG G W, CHEN Y. Manipulation checks in the managerial psychology experiment in China:current status,problems, and suggestions[J]. Advances in psychological science,2022, 30(6):1367-1376.)
[60] BENJAMINI Y, HOCHBERG Y. Controlling the false discovery rate:a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing[J].Journal of the royal statistical society:series b (methodological),1995, 57(1):289-300.
[61] DODSON S, SINNAMON L, KOPAK R. Mapping the relationship between genres and tasks:a study of undergraduate engineers[J]. Journal of the association for information science and technology, 2024, 75(12):1380-1397.
[62] 温忠麟,刘红云.中介效应和调节效应:方法及应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社, 2020.(WEN Z L, LIU H Y.Analyses of mediating and moderating effect:methods and applications[M]. Beijing:Educational Science Publishing House, 2020.)
[63] WANG J, WEI L. Fear and hope, bitter and sweet:Emotion sharing of cancer community on twitter[J]. Social media+society, 2020, 6(1):2056305119897319.
[64] CHIEW K S, BRAVER T S. Positive affect versus reward:emotional and motivational influences on cognitive control[J].Frontiers in psychology, 2011, 2:279.
[65] MOLINA M D, WANG J, SUNDAR S S, et al. Reading,commenting and sharing of fake news:how online bandwagons and bots dictate user engagement[J]. Communication research,2023, 50(6):667-694.
[66] HAN E, YIN D, ZHANG H. Bots with feelings:should AI agents express positive emotion in customer service?[J]. Information systems research, 2023, 34(3):1296-1311.
[67] SUN L, TANG Y. Avatar effect of AI-enabled virtual streamers on consumer purchase intention in e-commerce livestreaming[J].Journal of consumer behavior, 2024, 23(6):2999-3010.
[68] BAUMEISTER R. Self-regulation and self-control:selected works of Roy F. Baumeister[M]. New York:Routledge, 2018.
[69] JIN E, OH J. The role of emotion in interactivity effects:positive emotion enhances attitudes, negative emotion helps information processing[J]. Behavior&information technology, 2022, 41(16):3487-3505.
[70] JEON M. Emotions and affect in human factors and human-computer interaction:taxonomy, theories, approaches, and methods[J]. Emotions and affect in human factors and humancomputer interaction, 2017:3-26.
[71] CHIEN S E, CHU L, LEE H H, et al. Age difference in perceived ease of use, curiosity, and implicit negative attitude toward robots[J]. ACM transactions on human-robot interaction, 2019,8(2):1-19.
[72] MORIUCHI E. An empirical study on anthropomorphism and engagement with disembodied AIs and consumers're-use behavior[J]. Psychology&marketing, 2021, 38(1):21-42.