[Purpose/Significance] The influence of a nation’s data policy has become a key factor in the competitiveness and security of national sovereignty. Investigating the implementation of China’s data sovereignty policy and offering directions for its improvement is of significant value in the context of national competition and development in the digital space. [Method/Process] This study analyzed 477 data sovereignty policies from 2009 to 2024, to reveal the current implementation status and evolutionary characteristics of China's data sovereignty policies. A two-dimensional analysis framework, that is, “policy tools-legislative models”, was constructed to conduct an in-depth analysis of 104 central and provincial-level policy documents from the 477 policies, comparing the distribution and cross-effects of data sovereignty policies across the two dimensions of policy tools and legislative models. [Result/Conclusion] The legislative rank of China’s data sovereignty policy is relatively low, and there is an imbalance in the allocation of policy tools, with more regulatory legislation than facilitative legislation. It recommends that the legislative status of data sovereignty be elevated, the policy tool allocation across environmental, supply, and demand dimensions be optimized, and the policy focus shift from regulation and management to facilitative and developmental approaches.
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